1. Insulin Therapy

2. Insulin Treatment (when?) Any Glucose Level Age Rapid onset Weight loss Tablets fail Pregnancy Illness Ketoacidosis Pancreat-ectomy.

3. IDDM Therapy Education D iabetes I nsulin A cceptance B elieve E ating T esting E mergency S upervision

4. Objectives of Insulin Therapy Survival Prevention of Hypoglycemia &ketoacidosis. Living full active life. Prevention of long-term complications (if possible).

5. Insulin Therapy Education Which When Dose Sites Technique Checking Hypoglycemia Storage Recording Assessment

6. Complications of Insulin Injections Low Blood Glucose: -Insulin reaction -Hypoglycemia Local Reaction Insulin Allergy & Resistance

7. Types of Insulin

8. Pathogenesis of diabetes: metabolic features Genetic predisposition Insulin resistance Insulin resistance Defective insulin secretion Hyperglycemia

9. Human Insulin

10. Types of Insulin Onset of Action Peak of Activity Duration of Action

11. Types of Insulin Short Acting Insulin Intermediate Acting Insulin Long Acting Insulin

12. Insulin Regimens Once Daily Injections Twice Daily Injections Multiple Daily Injections Pump Introduction

13. Insulin Treatment

14. Choice of Insulin Regimen Blood Glucose Level Desired Degree of Control Pancreases Status Lifestyle Patients Ability to Adjust