1. Water management in the UK

2. Learning objectives All of you will be able to describe what water stress, surplus and deficit are Most of you will be able to describe and explain water stress, surplus and deficit and to name an example Some of you will be able describe and explain the above terms in greater detail, using a case study to support your answer in talking about how to manage water sustainably

3. What do we use water for? You have 1 minute in pairs to come up with as many different ways we use water as you can.

4. ActivityAv. Wkly use Liters per use Total no. of litres Bath2 Flushing toilet35 Power shower7 Washing machine3 Dishwasher4 Watering the garden1 Washing car with bucket1 Washing car with hose1

5. ActivityAv. Wkly use Liters per use Total no. of litres Bath280160 Flushing toilet358280 Power shower770490 Washing machine365195 Dishwasher425100 Watering the garden1540 Washing car with bucket132 Washing car with hose1450

6. KEY TERMS Water stress: this occurs when the amount of water available does not meet that required. This may be due to an inadequate supply at a particular time or it may relate to water quality. Areas of deficit: locations where rain that falls does not provide enough water on a permanent basis. Shortages may occur under certain conditions. e.g. long periods without rain Areas of surplus: areas that have more water than is needed – often such areas receive a high rainfall total, but have a relatively small population.

7. Household water use in England and Wales

8. Why will the demand for water increase over time? Increase in population Increase in number of households Increase in use of time-saving goods e.g. washing machines, dishwashers Buying more foodstuffs out of season

9. Map showing water stress in England and Wales

10. Map showing UK Rainfall

11. Trends in total water demand - 2008 to 2050 (England & Wales)

12. How can demand be met in a more sustainable way? Increased awareness e.g. houses with a water meter use on average 19l less per person per day More efficient house designs More efficient toilet systems Water butts Recycling water within the house (e.g. bath water for flushing toilets) More showers than baths Leakage is a big problem (water authorities)

13. Location of Kielder Water Reservoir, Northumberland. A water storage and transfer scheme

14. Kielder Water – reservoir and water transfer case study READ through case study Create your own case study containing the following: Location (map showing location including key rivers, towns, reservoir and transfer – see map on case study hand out) Why was it located there? (at least 5 points on the reasons for locating it where it is) Timeline and icon sketches Impacts/effects – sort facts into groups and again into order of importance.

15. How is water used in the UK? Water abstraction from non-tidal waters in England and Wales