1. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 TRAINING COURSE ON AUTOMATED WEATHER OBSERVING SYSTEMS ( AWOS ) MODULE C.2: COMMUNICATION SONER KARATAŞ ELECTRONIC OBSERVING SYTEMS DIVISION TURKISH STATE METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE

2. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 INTRODUCTION Communication between DCU and local station Communication between local station and remote centre Communication between DCU and remote centre Real Time Cabled Communication Wireless Communication Off-Line Memory Card Cabled Communication Wireless Communication Cabled Communication Wireless Communication

3. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Communication between DCU and local station Communication between DCU and local station can be separeted as Real Time Communication Off-line communication.

4. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Real Time Communication A station providing data to users of meteorological observations in real time, typically at programmed times, but also in emergency conditions or upon external request. Typical real-time uses would be the provision of data for synoptic use and the monitoring of critical warning states such as storms, river, or tide levels.

5. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Cabled Communication RS232 RS485 Short Haul Modem

6. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 RS232 The RS-232C standard is an asynchronous serial communication method for distances up to 15ft. Serial means that the information is sent 1-bit at a time. Asynchronous means that the information isn't sent at predefined time slots (like with a fixed clock, for instance).

7. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 RS232

8. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 RS485 RS485 standard is an asynchronous serial communication method for distances up to 4000ft. An RS-485 network can be connected in a 2 or 4 wire mode. Maximum cable length can be as much as 4000 feet because of the differential voltage transmission system used. The RS232 may be converted to RS485 with a simple interface converter.

9. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 RS485 CONNECTION

10. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Short Haul Modem Short haul modems are cheap solutions to systems of short ranges (up to 15 km), which use private lines and are not part of a public system.

11. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Short Haul Modem Short haul modems are distance-sensitive, because signal attenuation occurs as the signal travels through the line.

12. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Short Haul Modem The transmission rate must be lowered to ensure consistent and error-free transmission on longer distances.

13. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Wireless Communication Wireless communication system has a number of advantages. It is a simple matter to relocate a communicating device, and no additional cost of rewiring and excessive downtime is associated with such a move. It is also a simple matter to add in a communication device to the system or remove one from the system without any disruption to the remainder of the system. The cost of running and maintaining a radio based communications solution is minimal.

14. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Radio Modem Radio modems encode, transmit and decode the data. They use radio waves for data transmission. And this medium of transmission gives user a lot of advantage over the wired data transfer.

15. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Radio Modem There are three stages of communication: Data encoding: Transmitting radio modem takes data from the source system and encodes it Data transmission: Once encoded, the transmitting radio modem transmits the encoded data as radio waves with certain pre-defined frequency. Data Reception: The receiving radio modem receives the radio waves transmitted on the pre- defined frequency (like our radio instrument), decodes the data to its original format and provides it to the connected device

16. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Radio Modem

17. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Off-Line Communication Off-line AWOS: A station recording data on site on internal or external data storage devices eventually combined with a display of actual data. The intervention of an observer is required to send stored data to the remote data user. Typical stations are climatological and simple aid to the observer stations.

18. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Memory Card Data can be downloaded from datalogger to memory card.

19. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Memory Card After pulling data, data can be easily transfer to main PC with using memory car reader.

20. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Communication between local station and remote centre Communication between local station and remote centre can be separeted as Cabled Communication and Wireless Communication. Main difference between local station- remote centre and DCU-local station is the distance. Distance between local station and remote centre increases respect to between DCU and local station.

21. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Cabled Communication Dial up Modem Leased Line Modem Internet Network ( TCP / IP )

22. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Dial up Modem Dial-up modems can establish point-to-point connections on the public switched telephone network ( PSTN ) by any combination of manual or automatic dialing or answering. The quality of the circuit is not guaranteed, but all phone companies establish objectives. The links established are almost always 2-wire because 4-wire dialing is tedious and expensive.

23. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Leased Line Modem Leased, private or dedicated lines (usually 4- wire) are for the exclusive use of "leased- line" modems - either pair (in a simple point- to-point connection) or several (on a multidrop network contention) system

24. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005

25. Internet Network ( TCP / IP ) Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is a set of protocols or rules developed to allow cooperating computers to share resources across a network. Data is given from local station to remote centre using direct connection to TCP / IP network

26. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Internet Network ( TCP / IP )

27. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Wireless Communication Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM ) Satellite

28. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM ) Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is a globally accepted standard for digital cellular communication. GSM system is optional data communication system. The GSM system is ideal when VHF/UHF data transmission is not possible due to unattain­able line of sight between the radio transmitter and receiver.

29. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM )

30. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Satellite

31. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Satellite

32. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Communication between DCU and remote centre Communication between DCU and remote centre can be separeted as Cabled Communication Wireless Communication

33. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Cabled Communication Dial-Up Modem Leased Line Modem Internet Network (TCP / IP )

34. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Dial-Up Modem

35. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Leased Line Modem Leased, private or dedicated lines (usually 4-wire) are for the exclusive use of "leased-line" modems - either pair (in a simple point-to-point connection) or several (on a multidrop network ) contention system.

36. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Internet Network (TCP / IP )

37. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Wireless Communication Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM ) Satellite

38. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM )

39. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 Satellite

40. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 CONCLUSION Communication between DCU and local station Communication between local station and remote centre Communication between DCU and remote centre Real Time Cabled Communication Wireless Communication Off-Line Memory Card Cabled Communication Wireless Communication Cabled Communication Wireless Communication

41. TURKEY AWOS TRAINING 1.0 / ALANYA 2005 THANKS THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT AND YOUR ATTENDANCE DO YOU HAVE ANY QUESTION ? Soner Karataş skaratas@meteor.gov.tr