1. Using Charlotte Danielson’s Rubric as the Cookbook for Professional Growth to Support CTE Instruction
Karen Bronson
Stephanie Stewart
February 2014
The Framework for Teaching Charlotte Danielson

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4. The Complexity of Teaching
“After 30 years of doing such work, I have concluded that classroom teaching… is perhaps the most complex, most challenging, and most demanding, subtle, nuanced, and frightening activity that our species has ever invented.... The only time a physician could possibly encounter a situation of comparable complexity would be in the emergency room of a hospital during or after a natural disaster”
Lee Shulman, The Wisdom of Practice, 2004

5. Question:
What are the benefits of using a high quality rubric or framework to evaluate performance? What is your experience with observation or evaluation processes that do not use such a framework?
The Framework for Teaching Charlotte Danielson

6. Benefits of Any Framework for Teaching
Common language
Development of shared understandings
Self-assessment and reflection on practice
Structured professional conversation
The Framework for Teaching Charlotte Danielson

7. A process, not an event …
Pre-observation conference for announced observation
Post observation conference for all observations, announced or unannounced
Opportunities for meaningful professional conversations and reflection
The Framework for Teaching Charlotte Danielson

8. The Evaluation System Two purposes: Quality Assurance
Professional Learning
Danielson, in her 2000 book written with Tom McGreal, established these two purposes for teacher evaluation
Teacher Evaluation to Enhance Professional Practice, Danielson and McGreal, ASCD, 2000

9. The Cookbook …
... for professional growth … the recipes and ingredients for excellent instruction …
The Framework for Teaching Charlotte Danielson

10. Framework Overview
Four Domains
Twenty two Components
Seventy Six Elements
Four Levels of Proficiency

11. The Four Domains:
Domain 1: Planning and Preparation Domain 2: The Classroom Environment Domain 3: Instruction Domain 4: Professional Responsibilities

12. A Framework for Teaching: Components of Professional Practice
Domain 4: Professional Responsibilities
Reflecting on teaching
Maintaining accurate records
Communicating with families
Participating in a professional Community
Growing and developing professionally
Demonstrating professionalism
Domain 3: Instruction
Communicating with students
Using questioning and discussion techniques
Engaging students in learning
Using assessment in instruction
Demonstrating flexibility and responsiveness
Danielson 2007
Domain 1: Planning and Preparation
Demonstrating knowledge of content and pedagogy
Demonstrating knowledge of students
Setting instructional outcomes
Demonstrating knowledge of resources
Designing coherent instruction
Designing student assessments
Domain 2: The Classroom Environment
Creating an environment of respect and rapport
Establishing a culture for learning
Managing classroom procedures
Managing student behavior
Organizing physical space
Handout FFT Placemat Card

13. The Big Ideas: Focus on LEARNING COGNITIVE ENGAGEMENT EVIDENCE Based
More STUDENT CENTERED; less teacher directed
Ongoing ASSESSMENT essential
VALIDATION of offstage planning and professional responsibilities
The Framwork for Teaching Charlotte Danielson

14. Performance Levels Four Levels of Effectiveness:
Ineffective (Unsatisfactory) Developing (Basic) Effective (Proficient) Highly Effective (Distinguished)

15. A word from Charlotte…
“Everyone likes to visit Distinguished, but nobody lives there…”

16. Domain 2:The Classroom Environment 2a: Creating an Environment of Respect and Rapport

17. Performance Levels: Key Words
Teacher-directed success!
Student-directed success!
Unsatisfactory
Basic
Proficient
Distinguished
Unsafe
Lack of
Unaware
Harmful
Unclear
Poor
Unsuitable
None
Partial
Generally
Inconsistently
Attempts
Awareness
Moderate
Minimal
Some
Consistent
Frequent
Successful
Appropriate
Clear
Positive
Smooth
Most
Seamless
Solid
Subtle
Skillful
Preventative
Leadership
STUDENTS
Always
Levels of cognition and constructivist learning increase

18. Sources of Evidence for Teaching
Observation
Pre Observation – use mapping to identify what will be taught
Post observation – use mapping to determine at what level performance was reached
Examination of Artifacts
Essential for Domains 1 and 4
Curriculum mapping contains resources as a component
The Framework for Teaching Charlotte Danielson

19. Evidence of Student Learning
Locally Developed Assessments
SLOs (Student Learning Objectives)
Student Performance in CTE Program
Employability Profile
The Framework for Teaching Charlotte Danielson

20. Domain 1: You are the Designer
“An essential act of our profession is to design curriculum and learning experiences to meet specified purposes. We are also designers of assessments to diagnose student needs to guide our teaching and to enable us, our students, and others to determine whether our goals have been achieved.”
--Wiggins and McTighe

21. Domain 1: Planning and Preparation
Demonstrating knowledge of content and pedagogy
Demonstrating knowledge of students
Setting instructional outcomes
Demonstrating knowledge of resources
Designing coherent instruction
Designing student assessments

22. Domain 1 Examples: Lesson and unit plans
Evidence of familiarity with IEPs and other student support documentation
Evidence of collaboration with student support personnel
Evidence of knowing students as individuals
Evidence of understanding of developmental differences
Use of varied resources in lesson plans, units and classroom visitations
Evidence of a range of formative and summative assessments that are focused on students learning
Evidence of varied activities to enhance learning
Use of curriculum mapping and other planning strategies

23. CTE curriculum mapping
Curriculum mapping is key in connecting to the Danielson professional development rubric
The rubric is grounded in evidence
Curriculum mapping is grounded in documenting evidence
CTE programs and curricula are student centered, as is the Danielson rubric

24. CTE Curriculum Mapping as a tool for using Danielson’s model of Professional Development
technique for exploring what is taught, how instruction occurs and when instruction is delivered.
process for collecting data that identifies the core content, the processes and the assessments used in the curriculum.
Evidence of student learning can be chronicled
Evidence of student learning can be cross-walked with the Danielson rubric and with elements of the curriculum mapping components.

25. Domain 2: You are the Architect
…working with your students to build and maintain a safe, respectful and invigorating environment for learning!

26. Domain 2: The Classroom Environment
Creating an environment of respect and rapport
Establishing a culture for learning
Managing classroom procedures
Managing student behavior
Organizing physical space

27. Some 2a Evidence Statements:
Teacher greets students by name as they enter the classroom.
Students say “Shhh” when others talk during a classmate’s presentation.
Students roll their eyes at a classmate’s idea. Teacher does not respond.
The quality of teacher-student interaction is uneven, with occasional disrespect.
Teacher demonstrates knowledge and caring about students’ lives beyond school.
Teacher responds to disrespectful behavior among students.
Students wait for classmates to finish speaking before beginning to talk.
Teacher says, “Don’t talk that way to your classmates,” and the insults stop.
The teacher does not call students by name.
A few students do not engage with other classmates, even when in small groups.
There is no disrespectful behavior among students.
The Framework for Teaching Charlotte Danielson

28. Domain 2 Examples
Domain 2: The Classroom Environment
2c: Managing Classroom Procedures
Management of Instructional Groups
Management of Transitions
Management of Materials and Supplies
2e: Organizing Physical Space
Safety and Accessibility
Arrangement of furniture and use of physical resources
Let’s look at some real world examples of these components from CTE teachers!

29. CTE Examples 2c: Managing Classroom Procedures
Proficient Performance is described this way:
“There is little loss of instructional time due to effective classroom routines and procedures. With minimal guidance, students follow established classroom routines.”
Distinguished Performance is described this way:
“Instructional time is maximized due to efficient classroom routines and procedures. Students contribute to the management of groups, transitions, and/or the handling of materials and supplies.”

30. 2c Examples from CTE teachers:
Daily and weekly agendas on white board (Culinary)
Each week a student is appointed “lead” and is in charge of directing groups and managing distribution of supplies (Child Development)
Students pick index cards which direct them to randomly assigned groups, so that they are working with different classmates on a regular basis. (Economics)
I create competitive work crews and rotate foreman to understand different pressures of various roles (Landscape)
Seniors help and redirect juniors with class procedures and demonstrate safe use and storage of power tools (Telecom)
There is designated spot in the room for the day’s handouts and supplies for students to pick up on the way in (Health)

31. CTE Examples 2e: Organizing Physical Space
Proficient Performance is described this way:
“The classroom is safe, and learning is accessible to all students. The physical arrangement is appropriate to the learning activities. Teacher makes effective use of physical resources, including computer technology.”
Distinguished Performance is described this way:
“The classroom is safe, and learning is accessible to all students. The physical arrangement is appropriate to the learning activities. Students contribute to the use or adaptation of the physical environment to advance learning.”

32. 2e Examples from CTE Teachers:
A ‘classroom tour’ and scavenger hunt at the beginning of the course to learn where materials are stored (Childhood Dev)
For a crime scene investigation lab, four scene stations are set up in four corners of the room, with chairs for each small group arranged around the materials so students can think through their process beforehand and process their findings with minimal distractions from other teams (Forensics)
We practice transitioning from straight rows for direct instruction, to oval or U shape for discussion, and to small clusters for group work so that students can move desks within the period of instruction to create seating arrangements that support the goals of the activity.. (Graphics)

33. Domain 3: You are the Teacher
“Domain 3 is the heart of the framework for teaching; it describes the critical interactive work that teachers undertake when they bring complex content to life for their students.” -Charlotte Danielson

34. Domain 3: Instruction Communicating with students
Using questioning and discussion techniques
Engaging students in learning
Using assessment in instruction
Demonstrating flexibility and responsiveness

35. Domain 3 Examples Domain 3: Instruction
3b: Using Questioning and Discussion Techniques
Quality of Questions
Discussion Techniques
Student Participation
(Use the DOK Chart to create two Level Four questions)
3c: Engaging Students in Learning
Activities and Assignments
Grouping of Students
Instructional Materials and Resources
3d: Using Assessment in Instruction
Monitoring Student Learning
Let’s learn more about questioning and assessment strategies and then consider some examples from CTE teachers …

36. Two Kinds of Assessment:
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Happens during teaching
Focus is on assessment FOR
learning
Purpose is to know whether they are getting it, and therefore whether YOU need to adjust your instruction strategies
Happens after teaching
Focus is on assessment OF learning
Purpose is to evaluate student performance to make decisions about grades, course completion, graduation, etc.

37. The four big questions …
For Formative Assessment:
What are students supposed to be learning?
How do I know if they are learning it?
What am I going to do differently if they are not?
What am I going to do to differentiate for students who are all over it and need additional challenge?

38. What makes a quality assessment?
VALIDITY: Does it assess what I want it to assess? If I want a student to know how to build a bridge, do I give her a multiple choice test?
RIGOR: Is it aligned to standards? Are tasks designed to make kids think? Are items sufficiently challenging?
RELIABILITY: If the test is given at different times and scored by different teachers, is there consistency? Are rubrics anchored with examples/exemplars?
FAIR and UNBIASED? Are directions clear? Language and references accessible to all students?

39. Webb’s DOK Chart Four levels of questions: Recall Skill/Concept
Strategic Thinking
Extended Thinking
Look at the Webbs DOK Chart and Examples of Level 1, 2, 3, 4 Assignments. How could these work in your classroom with your students?

40. Webb’s DOK Video

41. Webb’s DOK Question Stems:
DOK 1: Recall
When did _ happen? Who was responsible for the event?
What is the formula for _?
DOK 2: Skill/Concept
How are _ and _ similar? Different?
How would you classify _?
DOK 3: Strategic Thinking
Can you predict the outcome of _?
What conclusion can you draw from these three texts?
How would you test _ for _?
DOK 4: Extended Thinking
Develop a thesis, drawing conclusions from multiple sources.
Determine alternative explanations for the result of an experiment.

42. CTE Examples 3b: Using questioning prompts and discussion:
Proficient Performance is described this way:
“The teacher poses questions to promote student thinking and understanding. Teacher creates a genuine discussion, providing adequate time to respond … and successfully engages most students in the discussion.”
Distinguished Performance is described this way:
“The teacher uses a variety of questions to challenge students cognitively, advance high level thinking and promote meta-cognition. Students formulate questions, initiate topics and make unsolicited contributions.”

43. 3b Examples from CTE Teachers
Structure questions that make students use information to solve a new problem. Example: After students have learned the minimum internal temperature for various meats, ask them what the internal temperature should be for a meat loaf recipe that uses three different meats: beef, pork and veal
(Culinary Arts)
“Compare the swatch colored with 4N and 20 volume to the swatch colored with 4N and 40 volume developer. Which is closer to the desired outcome and why?” (Cosmetology)
“How can we measure the muzzle speed of a launcher? How can we apply this information to choose the correct angle so that the launched ball will land in a cup at a specific distance?”
(Physics)

44. CTE Examples 3c: Engaging students in learning
Proficient Performance is described this way:
“The learning tasks and activities are aligned with the instructional outcomes and are designed to challenge student thinking, resulting in active intellectual engagement by most students.”
Distinguished Performance is described this way:
“Virtually all students are intellectually engaged in challenging content through well designed learning tasks and suitable scaffolding by the teacher. There is evidence of some student initiation of inquiry and student contributions to the exploration of important content.”

45. 3c Examples from CTE Teachers
Ask students to link instruction to recent animation example or to compare their animation project to a classic animation film, cartoon or character (Motion Graphics)
Students prepare a presentation in which they relate similarities and differences between artist Janet Fish’s glassware paintings and their artistic composition (Advertising Art and Digital Design)
Students role play a conversation between the supervisor and care provider in a nursing home over a safety issue that occurred (CNA)
Over the course of a year, students develop capstone activity which is year end fashion show (Fashion Design)

46. CTE Examples 3d: Using assessment in instruction
Proficient Performance is described this way:
“Assessment is used regularly during instruction, resulting in accurate and specific feedback that advances learning. Students appear to be aware of the assessment criteria and some of them engage in self-assessment.”
Distinguished Performance is described this way:
“Assessment is fully integrated into assessment, through extensive use of formative assessment. There is some evidence students have contributed to the assessment criteria. A variety of feedback, from both teacher and peers, is accurate, specific and advances learning.”

47. 3d Examples from CTE Teachers
Students must design a felling plan for a tree using HOPE (Hazards Obstacle Plan or Procedure Equipment). Students then assess and critique the felling plans of other crews. (Forestry)
“Twitter” as exit slip: student has index card and may use 140 characters to ‘tweet’ response to exit question which assesses understanding of the core content of the lesson (Auto Mechanics)
Students use the ‘belly button test’ to determine whether dough is done as a way of demonstrating understanding of the development of gluten when preparing bread dough. (Culinary Arts; Baking)

48. Domain 4: You are the Professional

49. Domain 4: Professional Responsibilities
Maintaining accurate records
Communicating with families
Participating in a professional Community
Growing and developing professionally
Demonstrating professionalism

50. Domain 4 Examples
Examples of accurate records; attendance, monitoring student progress
Examples of student completion of assignments
Examples of parent communication
Examples of participation in or leadership of school or district activities or initiatives
Examples of professional development and ways that professional learning was shared with colleagues
Examples of collaborative actions with colleagues for the purpose of increased student learning and achievement
Examples of reflective communication focused upon professional growth

51. Think of examples ..
Work with a partner. Use the sheet provided to think of real examples of proficient or distinguished performance with regard to
Instructional Groups
Transitions from one activity to the next
Distribution and use of materials and supplies
Safety and accessibility
How classroom furniture and physical resources are arranged in the room for maximum learning
Give specific examples of how we could see proficient or distinguished examples of these components in your classroom
Ex: In my cosmetology class, students are assigned rotating roles to distribute and collect materials such as hair color charts and smocks. Scissors are numbered and collected at the end of each class period to ensure safety.

52. Question:
In addition to formal teacher evaluation, how else can the Framework be used as a tool in professional practice?
The Framework for Teaching Charlotte Danielson

53. The key:
see the process as an opportunity to learn and to see the rubric as the cookbook and recipes for your own professional growth. Take responsibility in the process to feel more ownership.

54. Can you…….?
Write an ‘elevator speech’ describing the Charlotte Danielson Framework for Teaching ? In 60 seconds or less, summarize the structure and priorities of the Danielson Framework for Teaching. Good luck!
The Framework for Teaching Charlotte Danielson

55. Thank you for attending!
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