1. Crossmodal Spatial Influences of Touch on Extrastriate Visual Areas Take Current Gaze Direction into Account 
E Macaluso, C.D Frith, J Driver 
Neuron 
Volume 34, Issue 4, Pages (May 2002)
DOI: /S (02)

2. Figure 1
Schematic Depiction of Stimulus Positions and Gaze Directions Relative to the Subject's Head/Body
While lying in the scanner, subjects kept the right hand aligned with the head/body midline (at position 2). Fixation was maintained either to the left (as shown in the left panel of the figure) or to the right (right panel) of this central position. During leftward fixation, visual targets could be presented at either position 1 or position 2, while during rightward fixation, visual targets could be presented either at position 2 or position 3. Any task-irrelevant tactile stimulation was always delivered at position 2, to the right hand only. Thus spatially congruent multimodal stimulations arose in the right retinal hemifield during leftward fixation, but in the left retinal hemifield during rightward fixation. The right hand was visible for the first experiment, but completely occluded for the second experiment.
Neuron  , DOI: ( /S (02) )

3. Figure 2 Main Effects of Lateralized Stimulation
Lateralized sensory stimulation produced activation in contralateral sensory-specific areas. (A)–(C): first experiment (right hand visible); (D)–(F): second experiment (right hand occluded). (A and D) Brain activations for targets in the (retinal) right minus left visual field are rendered on the surface of the MNI brain template; cerebellum removed to allow direct view of the ventral occipital surface. (B and E) Left-visual-field targets minus right-visual-field targets. (C and F) Main effect of tactile right-hand stimulation, showing activation of contralateral primary somatosensory areas in the left hemisphere, plus additional higher order somatosensory areas (parietal operculum). Green lines indicate location of coronal section shown in Figure 3, demonstrating here that the lingual/fusiform region shown there responded to stimulation of the contralateral retinal visual field.
Neuron  , DOI: ( /S (02) )

4. Figure 3 Effect of Multimodal Congruency in External Space
Anatomical location and signal plots (in standard error units) for areas showing a significant effect of spatial congruence for multimodal stimulation (i.e., at same versus different external locations). (A)–(B): first experiment (right hand visible); (C)–(D): second experiment (right hand occluded). Plots show effect of contralateral-minus-ipsilateral visual targets (i.e., activity for stimulation in the retinal visual field contralateral minus ipsilateral to the cluster), according to direction of gaze and presence or absence of touch. For left hemisphere (Figures 3A and 3C), plot shows activity for right- minus left-visual-field stimulation, while for right hemisphere (Figures 3B and 3D), effects are calculated for left- minus right-visual-field stimulation. For both hemispheres, positive values thus indicate larger responses for visual targets presented in the contralateral retinal visual field. Critical crossmodal effects are highlighted by differences between the third and fourth bar from the left (bars 3 and 4), within each graph (see blue arrows). In left hemisphere (Figures 3A and 3C), responses specific to contralateral visual targets combined with tactile stimulation on the right hand are significantly larger during left fixation (bar 3) than during right fixation (bar 4); see blue arrow. During such left fixation, both visual and tactile stimulation were presented in the contralateral visual hemifield (i.e., in spatial correspondence; see Figure 1); during right fixation, tactile stimulation was ipsilateral to this hemisphere (i.e., vision and touch in different external locations). The situation reverses for the right hemisphere (Figures 3B and 3D). Now multimodal spatial correspondence in the contralateral visual field was achieved with gaze directed rightward (see Figure 1), and indeed responses specific to contralateral visual targets with concurrent touch were now significantly larger for rightward fixation (bar 4 versus 3, in the right-side signal plots; see blue arrow). Note that for both hemispheres, these modulations of visual responses specific to contralateral visual targets by spatially congruent touch were indeed dependent on the presence of touch. Gaze direction did not significantly affect these effects when touch was absent (compare bars 1 and 2 within each plot).
Neuron  , DOI: ( /S (02) )