1. Traditions and Local Rights over Genetic resources in the context of
Community Biodiversity Management
Malayali
E.D.Israel Oliver King and Saujanendra Swain
M.S.Swaminathan Research Foundation

2. Context Role of Communities in conserving Plant genetic resources
Customary practices and local rights of Farmers
Drivers of change and its effect over PGR
Dynamic Community Biodiversity Management and process of Empowerment

3. Kolli Hills Malayali Tribe Tribal Settlement Terraced Fields
Paddy field
Hut

4. Folk lore, Folk Songs and Life of the Tribal Communities
Kummipadal
Odukkai padal
Parambupadal
Attukattupadal
Kuravan Kurathi padal
Servai padal
Thirumanapadal
Andikolam padal
Komalipadal

5. Sanskritzed Traditions
Sacred Forests
Goddesses Worship
Kongayi, Pidari, Ettukkai,Kannimar, Rathathamman, Kollippavai
Sanskritzed Traditions
Perumansolai and Masiperiasamisolai
Ancestral Worship
Ayyanappattan, Panguliappattan

6. Traditional Farming
Upland Paddy
Mixed Farming
Threshing Yard
Stall Feeding
Back yard poultry

7. Customary Practices Quality Seed Selection Community Seed Bank
Manual Dehusking
Seed Exchange

8. Interaspecific Millet Diversity in Kolli Hills
Little millet (Samai) Panicum sumatrance
Italian millet (Thinai) Setaria italica
Common millet (Panivaragu) Panicum miliaceum
Kodo millet (Varagu) Paspalum scrobiculatum
Interaspecific Millet Diversity in Kolli Hills

9. Plant Genetic Resources
Secondary centre of Origin of Rice (1750 landraces)
(24 aromatic, 27 flood resistant, 2 deep water and 10 drought resistant and some others are insect/ pest resistant, puffing quality, etc.)
8 species of minor millets,
9 species of pulses,
5 species of oil seeds,
3 species of fibrous plants,
7 species of vegetables

10. Time of maturity (Month)
Some valuable rice landraces preserved by tribal farmers for religious function
Rice variety
Predominant quality
Festivals
Time of maturity (Month)
Kalakrishna
Scented
All festivals
January
Tulsi
Chaitra Parva
April
Machhakanta
White slender short grins, good taste
Manabasa and Lakshmi Puja
November
Mer
Black grains with medicinal properties
Annual ceremony of forefathers
* Kalajeera
Temple deities
Haladichudi
White slender long grains, good taste
Shakti puja
December
Deulabhoga
Bold and short grains, reddish tinge on cooking with mild scent preferred during worship at temples

11. Factors responsible for Erosion of crops and Dwindling Customary Practices
Intensity (* - less, ** - strong and ***- very strong influence)
Introduction of commercial crops like tapioca, coffee, pepper etc with good market linkages and promotion by govt.policies
***
Access to PDS
Rainfall variability especially onset **
Conversion of land to agro forestry *
Lack of market channels
Drudgery in processing
Culinary esteem of alternate crops
Land fragmentation
Peer group pressure and other constraints
Limited availability of farmyard manure

12. Shift from Subsistence Economy to Cash Economy

13. In the Changing Socio cultural Context Will communities sustain
with their Customary
management practices of Biodiversity ?

14. Integrated Approaches in CBM – Formal
Grass root institution building
Seed multiplication & distribution
Technology appraisal
Skill enhancement
Processing & Value Addition
Marketing Linkage
System management
Role Change
Participatory Research

15. Conservation Seed Distribution Seed Multiplication Seed Storage
– Thombai
Seed exchange
Cultivation

16. Participatory Plant Improvement to achieve
Cultivation
Participatory Plant Improvement to achieve
higher productivity
Traditional method
of cultivation
Modified method of Cultivation
Between Row spacing 20 cm
Between Plant spacing 10 cm

17. Drudgery Reduction and Consumption
Drudgery in Pounding

18. rpWjhdpak; muit ,ae;jpuk;
fy; ePf;fp ,ae;jpuk;
ckp ePf;fp ,ae;jpuk;
khT ,ae;jpuk;
ney; miuf;Fk; ,ae;jpuk;
Mapy; Nkhl;lh;
LITTLE MILLET
ITALAN MILLET
FINGER MILLET

19. Value addition Training
Traditional Recipes of Millet Foods
Value addition Training

20. Capacity Building on Processing Millets

21. VALUE ADDED RECIPES OF SAMAI (Little Millet) & THINAI (Italian Millet)
Samai Rice Thinai Rice Samai Uppuma Thinai Uppuma Samai Poorna Kozhukkatai Samai Kara Kozhukkatai Thinai Poorna Kozhukkatai Thinai Kara Kozhukkatai
Samai Sweet Puttu Thinai Sweet Puttu Samai Sweet Pongal Thinai Sweet Pongal Samai Sweet Idiappam Samai Thinai Kara Idiappam Thinai Sweet Idiappam Samai Thinai Sweet Paniyaram
Samai Kara Paniyaram Thinai Kara Paniyaram Samai Payasam Thinai Payasam Samai Idli Thinai Idli Samai Dosai Thinai Dosai
Samai Wheat Flour Dosai Thinai Wheat Flour Dosai Samai Kara Pongal Thinai Kara Pongal Samai Thinai Keera Roti Samai Bonda Samai Pakoda Thinai Bonda
Thinai Pakoda Samai Thinai Ribbon Pakoda Samai Thinai Omapodi Samai Thinai Adai Samai Thinai Vadai Samai Thinai Murukku Thinai Adhirasam Samai Thinai Kachayam
(Photograph: Dr. E. D. Israel Oliver King)

23. Campaign for Conservation and Promotion of millets
Folk Theatre
Road Show
Exhibitions

24. Niche Market Linkages City Market Local Market Peri Urban Market
Coimbatore (3)
Trichy (1)
Tanjavur (1)
Ooty (1)
Madurai (1)
Kolli Hills (2)
Tiruvannamalai (2)
Chennai (2)
Namakkal (5)
Peri
Urban Market

25. Infrastructure Development of Millet Processing Mills
Sale Deed
Dhan Settlement

26. Legal Processes of Empowerment
MOU with the Block development Office
Partnership deed for Nanbargal SHG
Tax Payer’s Identification Number certificate (TIN)
Sales Tax Certificate (CTC)
Small scale industry certificate (SSI)
Sales Deed
Partnership
Deed
TIN Cert
Sales Tax Cert
SSIC Cert

27. KHABCOFED (Kolli Hills Agro biodiversity Conservers federation) in the Empowerment process
Tribal Farmer collectives
Access to information
Access to Credits
Increased mobility
Public participation
Governorship over common property resources
Collective Decision Making processes
Awareness about the PGR and policy related issues

28. Kalajeera (An aromatic Rice for Promotion)
Formation of Kalinga Kalajeera Rice Growers Cooperative Society (KKRGCS)
500 acres , involving more than 700 farm families
Procurement by NAFED
One & half times more price than other rice
GI trial of Kalajeera in 5district

29. Community Recognition & Reward
Genome Savior Award
PPV&FR Authority, Govt. of India, 2006
Krishi Bisharad Sanman ICAR, New Delhi, 2002
Equator Initiative Award
UNDP, Johansburg, 2002
Felicitation by Hon’ble Chief Minister of Orissa, 2004

30. Thank You