1. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Presentation by DR. VIOLET (de Sa) PINTO
Lecturer, Department of PSM

3. Objectives:
At the end of the session the student shall have knowledge of :
Concept of ergonomics and occupational environment
Occupational hazards and related occupational diseases
Measures for health protection of workers.
Measures for prevention of occupational diseases.

4. Definition
Promotion and maintenance of physical, mental and social well-being of the workers
Prevention amongst workers’
departures from health
Protection from risks
Placing and maintenance

5. Ergonomics Fitting the job to the worker Ergon = work
Designing machines, tools, equipment, processes
Layout
Methods of works and environment
Ergon = work
Nomos=

6. Occupational Environment
Man and physical, chemical and biological agents
Man and machines
Man and man

7. Occupational Hazards Hazards Physical Chemical Biological Mechanical
Psychological &Social

8. Occupational diseases
Due to physical agents
heat, cold, light, pressure, noise, radiation, mechanical factors, electricity
Due to chemical agents
Gases, dusts (organic/ inorganic), metals, chemicals , solvents
Due to biological agents
Brucellosis, leptospirosis, anthrax, tetanus etc.
Occupa-
tional cancers
Of skin, lung, bladder
tional dermatitis
Dermatitis, eczema
Psycho-
logical origion
Hypertension, peptic ulcer

9. Pneumoconiosis Dust particles 0.5 – 3 micron
Chemical composition , fineness, concentration, period of exposure, individual susceptibility.
Inorganic and organic dusts

10. INORGANIC DUSTS Silicosis Free silica/silicon dioxide
Mining, pottery, sandblasting etc.
Irritant cough, dyspnoea on exertion, chest pain
Snow storm appearance
Dust control measures:
substitution, enclosure, isolation, hydroblasting,
good housekeeping.
Regular examinaton
Mines act, factories act

11. INORGANIC DUSTS Asbestosis
Silicates of Mg, Ca, Na. Serpentine /Amphibole
Asbestos,cement,firepro
of,textiles, roof lining
Respiratory
insufficiency,Ca
bronchus, mesothelioma
Safer types, substitution,
rigorous dust control
measures, periodic
examination, continuing
research.
Anthracosis
Coal
Simple pneumoconiosis,
progressive massive fibrosis.
Indian mines act,
Workman’s
compensation act

12. ORGANIC DUSTS Bagassosis Sugar cane dust, thermoactinomyces sacchari,
Cane sugar industry, paper,rayon,cardboard
Breadthlessness, cough, haemoptysis, slight fever,
Mottling in lung shadow.
Dust control,
Personal protection,
Medical control,
Bagasse control-moisture >20%,2% propionic acid.

13. ORGANIC DUSTS Byssinosis Cotton fibre Mouldy hay, grain dust
Textile industry
Chronic cough,
dyspnoea, prog. Chronic
bronchitis,emphysema
Farmer’s Lung
Mouldy hay, grain dust
30% moist,
micropolyspora faeni, >
Temperature
General and respiratory
symptoms, physical
signs.

14. Occupational hazards of agricultural workers
Zoonotic diseases
Accidents
Toxic hazards
Physical hazards
Respiratory diseases

15. ACCIDENTS IN INDUSTRY Prevention- SICK ABSENTEEISM LEAD POISONING
Causes-
physical, physiological, psychological
environmental
Prevention-
SICK ABSENTEEISM
Causes-
Economic, social, medical,
non occupational
Prevention-
LEAD POISONING
Exposure,
Clinical picture,
Diagnosis,
Preventive measures,
Management
RADIATION HAZARDS
Effects of radiation
Preventive measures

16. HEALTH PROBLEMS DUE TO INDUSTRALISATION
1.Environment sanitation problems
2.Communicable diseases
3.Food sanitation
4.Mental health
5.Accidents
6.Social problems
7.Morbidity and mortality

17. MEASURES FOR HEALTH PROTECTION OF WORKERS
1.Nutrition
2.Communicable disease control
3.Environmental sanitation
Water supply, food, toilet, general plant cleanliness, sufficient space, lighting, ventilation, protection against hazards, housing.
4.Mental health
5.Measures for women and children.
6.Health education
7.Family planning

18. PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES.
MEDICAL MEASURES
ENGINEERING
MEASURES
LEGIS-
LATION

19. MEDICAL MEASURES 1.Preplacement examination 2.Periodic examination
3.Medical and health care services
4.Notification
5.Supervision of working environment
6.Maintenance and analysis of records
7.Health education & counselling

20. ENGINEERING MEASURES 1.Designs of building 2.Good housekeeping
3.General ventilation
4.Mechanisaton
5. Substitution
6.Dusts
7.Enclosure
8.Isolation
9.Local exhaust ventilation
10.Protective devices
11.Environmental monitoring
12.Statistical monitoring
13.Research

21. LEGISLATION 1. FACTORIES ACT,1948 Scope, health, welfare
Employment, Hours of work, Occupational diseases, Hours of work,, Employment in hazardous proc.
2. ESIS ACT, 1948
1.Medical
2.Sickness
3.Maternity
4.Disablement
5.Dependents benefit
6.Extra benefits
Extended sickness, Limbs, F.P., Protection against dismissal, Funeral expenses, Rehabilitation expenses, Retirement.

22. E.S.I. CORPORATION Vice Chairman Members Chairman
Representatives of employees organisations, medical profession,parliament
Chairman
Union minister for labour
Vice Chairman
Secretary to Government of India,Ministry of Lbour
Ceo,Director General ESI
Insurance, Medical, Finance Comissioner
Medical Benefits Council
Chairman DGHS

23. Thank you