1. The Internet and World Wide Web
Chapter 2
The Internet and World Wide Web
p. 6

2. The Internet What are some services found on the Internet? E-mail Chat
(1)
Chat
(4)
(2)
Web
(5)
Message board
(3)
File transfer
(6)
Instant messaging
p. 68 Fig. 2-1
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3. History of the Internet
Who controls the Internet?
No onec—cit is a public, cooperative, and independent network
Several organizations set standards
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
Oversees research, sets standards and guidelines
Tim Berners-Lee, director
Internet2 (I2)
Internet-related research and development project
Develops and tests advanced Internet technologies
p. 70
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4. How the Internet Works How can you connect to the Internet?
Slow-speed technology
High-speed connection
Dial-up access modem in your computer uses a standard telephone line to connect to the Internet
Digital subscriber line (DSL), cable telephone Internet services (CATV), cable modem provide connections using regular copper telephone lines
Connection must be established each time you log on. Slow but inexpensive
Connection is always on— whenever the computer is running
p. 70
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5. How the Internet Works What are ways to access the Internet?
ISP, Regional or National
OSP (AOL and MSN, for example)
Wireless Internet Service Provider
p. 72 Fig. 2-2
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6. How the Internet Works
How might data travel the Internet using a telephone line connection?
Step 5. Regional ISP uses leased lines to send data to a national ISP
Step 1. Request data from a server on Internet
Step 3. Data travels through telephone lines to a local ISP
Step 4. Data passes through routers
Step 6. National ISP routes data across the country
Step 2. Modem converts digital signals to analog signals
Step 8. Server sends data back to you
Step 7. National ISP passes data to local ISP
p. 73 Fig. 2-3
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7. How the Internet Works What is a domain name?
Text version of Internet protocol (IP) address
Number that uniquely identifies each computer or device connected to Internet
p. 74 Figs. 2-4 – 2-5
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8. Microsoft Internet Explorer
The World Wide Web
What is a Web browser?
Program that allows you to view Web pages
Microsoft Internet Explorer
Netscape
Mozilla
p. 75
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9. The World Wide Web What is downloading?
The process of a computer receiving information
Depending upon connection speed, downloading can take from a few seconds to several minutes
p. 76
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10. The World Wide Web What is a URL? Unique address for a Web page
A web server delivers the Web page to your computer
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 2, Click Web Link from left navigation,
then click Web Addresses below Chapter 2
p. 76 Fig. 2-8
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11. The World Wide Web What is a hyperlink (link)?
Built-in connection to another related Web page location
Item found elsewhere on same Web page
Different Web page at same Web site
Web page at a different Web site
Click to view animation
p. 77
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12. The World Wide Web What is a search engine?
Program used to find Web sites and Web pages by entering words or phrases called search text
Also called a keyword
p. 78 Fig. 2-10
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13. The World Wide Web What is a subject directory?
Search tool with organized set of topics and subtopics
Lets you find information by clicking links rather than entering keywords
p. 80 Fig. 2-12
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14. The World Wide Web What are the eight basic types of Web sites? Portal
News
Informational
Business/marketing
Educational
Entertainment
Advocacy
Personal
p. 80 Fig. 2-13
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15. The World Wide Web What is multimedia?
Application integrating text with other media elements
Graphics
Animation
Audio
Video
Virtual reality
p. 83 Fig. 2-15
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16. JPEG (pronounced JAY-peg)
The World Wide Web
What graphics formats are used on the Web?
BMP
JPEG (pronounced JAY-peg)
PNG (pronounced ping)
GIF (pronounced JIFF)
PCX
TIFF
p. 84 Fig. 2-16
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17. The World Wide Web What is animation?
Appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence
p. 85
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18. The World Wide Web What is audio? Music, speech, or any other sound
Individual compressed sound files that you download from the Web to your computer
Common Web audio file formats are MP3, WAV, WMA (Windows Media Audio), MPEG, RealAudio, and QuickTime
Once downloaded, you can play (listen to) the contents of the files
p. 86 Fig. 2-18
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19. The World Wide Web What is streaming audio?
Transfers data in a continuous and even flow
Enables you to listen to the sound as it downloads to your computer
Radio stations use streaming audio to broadcast over the Web
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 2, Click Web Link from left navigation,
then click Streaming Media below Chapter 2
p. 87 Fig. 2-19
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20. The World Wide Web What is video?
Consists of full-motion images with sound played back at various speeds
MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts Group) is popular video compression standard
p. 88 Fig. 2-20
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21. The World Wide Web What is virtual reality (VR)?
Use of computers to simulate real or imagined environment
Appears as a three dimensional (3-D) space
Used for games and many practical applications
p. 88 Fig. 2-21
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22. The World Wide Web What are plug-ins?
Programs that extend the capability of a browser
You can download many plug-ins at no cost from various Web sites
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 2, Click Web Link from left navigation,
then click Plug-ins below Chapter 2
p. 89 Fig. 2-22
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23. Electronic Commerce What is e-commerce? Short for electronic commerce
Business transaction that occurs over the Internet
Business to consumer (B2C) Sale of goods to general public
Click to view video
Consumer to consumer (C2C) One consumer sells directly to another
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 2, Click Web Link from left navigation,
then click E-commerce below Chapter 2
Business to business (B2B) Business providing goods and services to other businesses
p. 90 Fig. 2-23
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24. Other Internet Services
What is ?
Short for electronic mail
The transmission of messages and files via a computer network
Messages can consist of simple text or can contain attachments, such as documents, graphics, or audio/video clips
Internet access providers usually provide an program
Some Web sites—such as MSN Hotmail and Yahoo!—provide free services
One of the original services on the Internet
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 2, Click Web Link from left navigation,
then click below Chapter 2
p. 91
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25. Other Internet Services
What is an address?
Unique name that consists of a user name and domain name that identifies the user
p. 93 Fig. 2-25
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26. Other Internet Services
What is FTP?
File Transfer Protocol—Internet standard that allows you to upload and download files with other computers on the Internet
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 2, Click Web Link from left navigation,
then click FTP below Chapter 2
p. 95 Fig. 2-27
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27. Other Internet Services
What is a chat?
Real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer
Chat room is location on server that permits users to discuss topics of interest
Click to view video
Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 2, Click Web Link from left navigation,
then click Chat Rooms below Chapter 2
p. 98 Fig. 2-30
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28. About Internet Addresses
Domain name:
IP Address: (under IP Version 4)
We could say =>
identifies the network
identifies specific computer on network
255 x 255 x 255 x 255 = 2**8 x 2**8 x 2**8 x 2**8
That is, 2**32 = 4 billion Internet addresses

29. About New IPv6 Internet Addresses
A new IP addressing scheme called IPv6 (August 2004)
will lengthen IP addresses from 32 bits to 128 bits and
will provide for 64 x 10**36 IP addresses. That is,
256 undecillion Internet addresses.
2**128 = 2**8 x 2**120 = 256 x (2**30)**4 =
256 billion x billion x billion x billion

30. Other Internet Services
What is instant messaging (IM)?
A real-time Internet communications service that notifies you when one or more people are online and allows you to exchange messages or files
Step 2. The server determines if any of your established friends, family, or coworkers, called buddies, are online
Step 1. Login to the IM server
IM Server
Step 3. You send instant messages to an online buddy
Step 4. Your Instant Message travels through a messaging server and then to the online buddy
messaging Server
p Fig. 2-31
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