1. Continuing Education for Journalists in South Africa Prof. John V. Pavlik, Ph.D. Director, Journalism Resources Institute Chair, Department of Journalism and Media Studies, SCILS, Rutgers jpavlik@rutgers.edu

2. About JRI l Founded by Jerome Aumente in 1981 l Outreach arm of journalism program linking the classroom to the newsroom l Workshops for journalists l International projects in many parts of the world, including Poland, Bosnia, Russia and now South Africa l Founded the GSSPA l Research on various topics, including ethnic and immigrant news media of NJ and NJ l Journalist continuing education in South Africa

3. South Africa Project l Building on Rutgers tradition in South Africa l Based on history of continuing education for journalists at JRI and international outreach l Catalyst: Rutgers visit by Charlayne Hunter- Gault, CNN Johannesberg Bureau Chief

4. Continuing Education for SA Journalists l Initial focus on SA but eventually hope to extend to other parts of Africa l Start with science, health and technology, move on to other subjects l Science, health and technology research has been a research strength of SA, from at least 1967 when Professor Christiaan Barnard performed the first human heart transplant on the third of December 1967 in the Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town.

5. SALT l Southern African Large Telescope l Largest Single telescope in the southern hemisphere, with a hexagonal mirror array 11 metres across. l Located outside Cape Town near Sutherland l Rutgers is largest of more than a dozen international partners in SALT

6. SALT l Clifford Nxomani is head of collateral benefits for SALT l Hosted our July 2004 visit to Cape Town and SALT, workshop for SA two dozen journalists, scientists and public officials l SALT web cam: http://www.salt.ac.za/content/webcam/defau lt.htm

7. Cape Town (photos taken with my cellphone)

8. SALT

9. With Dr. Nxomani and Co.

10. On the Way to Grahamstown (Rhodes University)

11. Durban

12. Joburg

13. About the Journalism Workshop l Tools –News/Information Gathering (Reporting) –Editing/Production –Storytelling –Analysis, Interpretation and Synthesis –Numerical Competence –New Media Literacy l Context –Media Judgment –Ethics –Law –History –Cultural Breadth –Civic Knowledge

14. First Online Group Created for Science Journalists in SA

15. Newsgathering Tools l Miniature digital cameras/cell phone cameras/PDAs l Satellite phones l Audio acquisition l Computational Cameras l Remote Sensing l Incorporating data into media visualizations

16. Miniature, Digital Cameras l Megapixel (8.3 Megapixel in 2004=35mm Film resolution) l MPEG, MPEG-2 A/V l Small file size l Night vision/infrared, holographic autofocus l Full range of manual settings, built-in flash l Used in reporting war in Balkans, Drazen Pantic

17. Satellite Phones l Computer, camera/mic and sat phone l Report from anywhere, anytime on planet –Bob Martin used these tools to report from Afghanistan –Photo: Marilyn Painter, nytimes.com 1/31/02

18. Digital Audio Capture with Speech Recognition l Memory Stick® Digital Voice Recorder with Dragon Naturally Speaking Software

19. Computational Cameras, Prof. Shree Nayar 360-degree Cameras

20. 360 photo of Dealey plaza, site of Kennedy assassination

22. Inside Diallo Vestibule

26. Fullview (www.fullview.com) Vic Nalwawww.fullview.com l High resolution, full motion system l Uses multiple cameras aimed at multiple flat mirrors

27. Cyclops

28. Dynamic Range Imaging l http://www.cs.columbia.edu/CAVE/

30. l Remote Sensing Satellite Imaging –What is it? Its origins? –End of Cold War: l Access to denied areas l Covering disasters (e.g., California fall 2003 brushfires), environmental stories, military conflicts –Leading sources: Space Imaging (www.spaceimaging.com) DigitalGlobe (www.digitalglobe.com); see also www.gizmorama.com)www.spaceimaging.comwww.digitalglobe.com www.gizmorama.com –Shutter control: First Amendment battleground l Alternative government censorship strategy: spending millions of dollars to buy exclusive rights to satellite images, a strategy invoked during the fall of 2001

31. These two satellite images taken from 422 miles above the Earth depict the same area of Mozambique before and after the countrys civil war. On the left is 1973, on the right 1985. The photos clearly show a significant loss of vegetation and man-made infrastructure, a casualty of the destructive war. Such satellite imagery is increasingly used in news media reporting about developments on the Earth, from the effects of war to environmental change. 19731985

32. Spy-plane, Hainan Island: one-meter resolution l Space Imaging: U.S. Navy EP-3 "Aries II" sits on runway at Lingshui Military Airfield, Hainan Island, South China Sea. Space Imaging's IKONOS satellite collected this one- meter, color image 10:12 am April 4, 2001 local time.

33. Incorporating Data into News Visualizations l News using topographic data to create accurate visualizations, 3D extrusions, merging with real-time weather data –CBS News Case of Mt. Everest l Artist rendered vs. data-generated –Afghanistan, Tora Bora, and Osama Bin Laden –NYTimes and Trump Tower near UN –NASA asteroid animation

34. Ethics: Image Manipulation l Seeing is not believing –National G. pyramids: Feb., 1982 –Time: June 27, 1994 –Nov. 2000: Bill Clinton and Fidel Castro did meet in New York l Altered images/video: Addition, Subtraction, Composite, Synthetic images, video, audio l Labeling content, maintaining standards of truth, accuracy, fairness

35. Managing Virtual Newsroom l The Mobile Journalist Workstation –Laptop computer –Hand-held computer –Mobile e-mail-digital cellular –High-speed wireless Internet –GPS/GIS (geographic information systems) –Acquisition devices –www.cs.columbia.edu/graphicswww.cs.columbia.edu/graphics l Online/external hard-drives l VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)/Instant Messaging

36. Managing Virtual Newsroom l Security in an online world l Syndication l Strong encryption –Digital watermarking, www.ctr.columbia.edu/sariwww.ctr.columbia.edu/sari –Protecting copyright, authenticating content, restorative –Encrypting email via www.pgpi.org (Diffie-Hellman public key cryptography)www.pgpi.org

37. Global Positioning System l GPS for time, date, longitude, latitude and altitude stamp l Protecting copyright l Authenticating photos and video

38. Integrated Systems l Augmented Reality l Situated Documentaries (tomorrows lecture) l Mobility; PDAs now in use in newsrooms, including NewsMate (e.g., being used in European radio news coverage)

39. Mobile Augmented Reality: The Situated Documentary

40. Freedom of Press l AJ Liebling: freedom of the press is guaranteed only to those who own one. l Digital press brings responsibility (www.ojr.org).www.ojr.org