1. The Challenge of the Cities
Chapter 15 Section 3
The Challenge of the Cities

2. Suburb Residential communities surrounding cities
Most people lived in the cities
As they made more money and transportation improved, they could live further from where they worked

3. Tenement
Low cost apartment buildings designed to house as many families as the owner could pack in
A group of dirty, run-down tenements could transform an area into a slum

4. Dumbbell Tenement Named for its dumbbell shape
Each building narrowed in the middle, and gaps on either side formed air shafts to bring light and air inside the rooms
An improvement but…
Still not an open balcony
Garbage collected at the bottom of the shafts

5. Describe living conditions in a dumbbell tenement
Overcrowded
Unsanitary
Disease ridden
Run down
Low cost

6. How did Jacob Riis expose the conditions that existed in tenement houses?
Mastered new technology of flash photography
Showed the photographs to people in lecture halls

10. What were three technological developments that enabled cities to house more people?
Elevator
Subway
Cable car
Elevated trains
Electric trolleys
Bessemer process

11. Political Machine
An unofficial city organization designed to keep a particular party or group in power and usually headed by a single powerful “boss”

12. What contributed to the rise of political machines?
As city governments grew in size, wealth, and power, they became prizes to control. The machine enabled a local faction of one party to maintain control

13. Who benefitted most from Boss Tweed’s control of New York City?
Tweed and his allies benefitted the most
His political machine was self- serving and bad for the population of New York City

14. Graft
The use of one’s job to gain profit

15. Why did some people criticize graft?
Graft is distasteful because it involves using one’s position of power to exploit others.

16. List 4 challenges that people living in cities faced.
Overcrowding
Disease
Danger of fires
Contaminated water
Lack in indoor plumbing