1. Yin and yang of the cardiac pacemaker clock system in health and disease 
Victor A. Maltsev, PhD, Edward G. Lakatta, MD 
Heart Rhythm 
Volume 7, Issue 1, Pages (January 2010)
DOI: /j.hrthm
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2. Figure 1
The combined impairment of M clock and Ca2+ clock in AF can result in generation of irregular action potentials by SA node cells. Simulations by a recent numerical model of rabbit SANC17 illustrate spontaneous action potentials (top traces), funny current (If, middle traces), and Ca2+ release flux from junctional SR (bottom panels) in control (A), 50% reduction in If conductance (B), no Ca2+ release (C), and 50% reduction in If conductance combined with no Ca2+ release (D). The original model17 was slightly modified to increase basal If conductance to nS/pF. See text for details. AF = atrial fibrillation; M clock = membrane clock; SA = sinoatrial; SANC = sinoatrial node cell; SR = sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Heart Rhythm 2010 7, 96-98DOI: ( /j.hrthm )
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