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Nat. Rev. Urol. doi:10.1038/nrurol.2015.312
Figure 2 Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) associated with carcinoma in situ (CIS) Figure 2 | Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) associated with carcinoma in situ (CIS). A gonadectomy was requested for an 18-year-old girl with CAIS with bilateral well-formed testes. Her aunt had died of an abdominal malignancy and had never had children and the family were worried that the aunt might have also had CAIS. Histological analysis of the testes revealed a | enlarged, atypical germ cell nuclei on haematoxylin and eosin staining, and b | strong staining of atypical germ cells for Kit ligand (SCF), c | OCT3-4 and d | ALPP (PLAP), which was interpreted as evidence of CIS. Faure, A. et al. (2016) Testicular biopsy in prepubertal boys: a worthwhile minor surgical procedure? Nat. Rev. Urol. doi: /nrurol
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