1. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2017.49
Figure 3 Glucose shunting into the pentose phosphate pathway in T cells in rheumatoid arthritis
Figure 3 | Glucose shunting into the pentose phosphate pathway in T cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Glycolytic breakdown of glucose in T cells in rheumatoid arthritis is reduced as a result of diminished activity of the regulatory enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphophastase 3 (PFKFB3), which curbs ATP production. With increased activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glucose is shunted to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), yielding high amounts of the electron donor NADPH and generating biosynthetic precursors. Cellular stores of glutathione are shifted towards the reduced form, cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are depleted and cellular oxidant signalling is impaired. ETC, electron transport chain; GLUT1, glucose transporter type 1; TCA, tricarboxylic acid.
Weyand, C. M. & Goronzy, J. J. (2017) Immunometabolism in early and late stages of rheumatoid arthritis
Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi: /nrrheum