1. Post‐translational modifications (PTMs) involved in the context of infection
Post‐translational modifications (PTMs) involved in the context of infection Infections induce a series of dynamic PTMs on host and pathogen proteins that act in pro‐ and anti‐pathogen responses. (1) Virulence factors promote ubiquitination and SUMOylation of host proteins, resulting in degradation by the proteasome. (2) Acetylation is used by pathogens to block immune response. (3) Pathogen invasion causes phosphorylation of transcription factors, altering host and pathogen gene expression. (4) Viral genome can evade immune response by disrupting nuclear bodies via SUMOylation of PML and other nuclear body proteins. (5) Histones, finely‐tuned by PTMs, bind to host and viral genomes, modulating host and viral gene expression. (6) Viral glycoproteins on envelope are modified by glycosylation, facilitating viral entry and dampening immune response. (7) Pathogen infection activates PPR receptors, which relay the signal to transcription factors via adaptors to induce immune responses.
Pierre M Jean Beltran et al. Mol Syst Biol 2017;13:922
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