1. Sustavi za vođenje i praćenje proces Franjo Pongrac
CDMA 2000
Sustavi za vođenje i praćenje proces
Franjo Pongrac

2. Što je CDMA?
Standard za 3G mreže koji uveo veće brzine prijenosa podataka ...
Baziran na CdmaOne (2G)
Code Division Multiple Acces

3. Otkuda CDMA?
1999 godine ITU (International Telecommunication Union) je odobrila 5 radio pristupa (interface) za IMT standarde
Do kraja 2005 bilo je približno 170 comercijalnih CDMA i WCDMA sustava te oko 250 milijuna korisnika diljem svijeta

4. Kako radi CDMA? Svakom korisniku dodijeljen jedinstveni kod
Svaki korisnik u prostoru šalje svoju informaciju sa jedinstvenim kodom
Svi korisnici odašilju istovremeno podatke u istom frekvencijskom području!!!
Kodovi odabrani tako da čine 128 vektorsku ortogonalnu bazu – SPREAD SPECTRUM

5. Sistem ćelija 7 ćelija = 1 Cluster (ćelije upravljane BSCom)
Svi BSCovi čine PLMN i upravljani su sa MSCom
U čitavoj ćeliji isti frekvenciski pojas!!!!
Ostaje više prostora za bolju kvalitetu govora

6. Razvoj CDMA CdmaOne (2G)
CDMA2000 1xRTT (1 times Radio Transmission Technology) 144kbps
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO (1x Evolution-Data Optimized, originalno 1x Evolution-Data Only)
CDMA2000 1xEV-DV (1x Evolution-Data/Voice)
CDMA x

7. Razvoj mobilnih mreža od početaka do danas

9. Tipična 2G Arhitektura PLMN PSTN PSDN BTS — Base Transceiver Station
BSC
MSC/VLR
HLR
GMSC CO
PSTN
PLMN
Tandem
SMS-SC
PSDN
BTS — Base Transceiver Station
BSC — Base Station Controller
MSC — Mobile Switching Center
VLR — Visitor Location Register
HLR — Home Location Register

10. 2G cdmaOne (IS-95 + IS-41) BTS — Base Transceiver Station
BSC — Base Station Controller
MS — Mobile Station
MSC — Mobile Switching Center
HLR — Home Location Registry
SMS-SC — Short Message
Service — Serving Center
STM — Synchronous Transfer Mode
IS-95 MS
Proprietary Interface
BTS
BSC
A Ref (A1, A2, A5)
STM over T1/T3
Ater Ref (A3, A7)
STM over T1/T3 or
AAL1 over SONET
IS-95 MS
A Ref (A1, A2, A5)
STM over T1/T3
Proprietary Interface
BTS
BSC
A1 — Signaling interface for call control and mobility
Management between MSC and BSC
A2 — 64 kbps bearer interface for PCM voice
A5 — Full duplex bearer interface byte stream (SMS ?)
A3 — Signaling interface for inter-BSC mobile handoff
A7 — Bearer interface for inter-BSC mobile handoff

11. CDMA2000 1x Network MS BTS — Base Transceiver Station
A Ref (A1, A2, A5) STM over T1/T3
STM over T1/T3 or
AAL1 over SONET
BSC
Proprietary Interface
BTS
IS-2000 MS
AQuarter Ref (A10, A11)
IP over Ethernet/AAL5
RADIUS over UDP/IP
BTS — Base Transceiver Station
BSC — Base Station Controller
MS — Mobile Station
MSC — Mobile Switching Center
HLR — Home Location Registry
SMS-SC — Short Message
Service — Serving Center
STM — Synchronous Transfer Mode
PDSN — Packet Data Serving Node
AAA — Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting
Home Agent — Mobile IP Home Agent
A10 — Bearer interface between BSC (PCF) and PDSN for packet data
A11 — Signaling interface between BSC (PCF) and PDSN for packet data

12. 1xEVDO — IP Data Only
RADIUS over UDP/IP
IS-2000

13. 1XEVDV — IP Data and Voice
SIP
SS7
SCTP/IP
H.248 (Maybe MGCP)
Circuit switched voice
IS-2000
SIP Proxy — Session Initiation Protocol Proxy Server
MGCF — Media Gateway Control Function
SGW — Signaling Gateway (SS7)
MGW — Media Gateway (Voice)
Nextgen MSC ?
Packet switched voice

14. Zašto CDMA? Povećani kapaciteti govora Veći i brži prijenos podataka
Multicast servisi
Fleksibilnost frekvencijskog spektra
Dulje trajanje baterije
Sinkronizacija
Kontroliranje potrošnje
Govorni i podatkovni kanali
Dodatni kanali
Potpuna kompatibilnost sa starijim sustavima
Podrška za servise za višestrukim platformama...

15. Za one koji žele znati više 
Technical/CDMAPrimer.pdf
cdma2000/cdma2000table.cfm

16. Pitanja?