1. Current results of open surgical repair of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms 
James H. Black, MD, Richard P. Cambria, MD 
Journal of Vascular Surgery 
Volume 43, Issue 2, Pages A6-A11 (February 2006)
DOI: /j.jvs
Copyright © 2006 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Open thoracic aneurysm repair accomplished with left heart bypass via left atrial cannula and femoral inflow (preferred approach at Johns Hopkins Hospital). This approach entails posterolateral thoracotomy to achieve surgical exposure. Clamp-and-sew is also a viable alternative if lesion extent or complexity is moderate. (Reprinted from Willams GM and Schlossberg L. Atlas of aortic surgery. Baltimore, Md: Williams and Wilkins, 1997.)
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , A6-A11DOI: ( /j.jvs )
Copyright © 2006 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Angiogram of completed “hybrid.” Bypass grafts are evident to left renal artery and superior mesenteric artery via a single limb and separate limb to hepatic and right renal arteries. (Courtesy Patrick Geraghty, Washington University School of Medicine.)
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , A6-A11DOI: ( /j.jvs )
Copyright © 2006 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
Computed tomography angiography of completed “debranching” of the aortic arch to facilitate stent-graft repair of distal arch aneurysm.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , A6-A11DOI: ( /j.jvs )
Copyright © 2006 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions