1. Geothermal Heat Pumps A - Z Session 1
Understanding Geothermal Heat Pumps and their Value to Utilities
2012 Illinois Geothermal Conference
Peoria, IL
February 28, 2012
Paul Bony
Director Of Residential Market Development
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2. Introduction To Ground Source Heat pumps (GSHP)
Subjects to be covered
The history of GSHP
How GSHPs Work
Why GSHPs are of Value to Electric Utilities
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3. Earth Energy – It’s Not New
Earth energy system was first patented in Switzerland in 1912
Residential system installed in Canada in 1950
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Courtesy Mr. Ed Lohrenz, CGD, GeoXergy

4. Heat Pump Systems are Reliable
Mr. Bill Loosley installed geothermal system in his home in Burlington, ON in 1950
Courtesy Mr. Ed Lohrenz, CGD, GeoXergy
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5. Mr. Loosley’s System: Desuperheater added to hot water tank
Belt drive compressor
Air coil in old oil furnace
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Courtesy Mr. Ed Lohrenz, CGD, GeoXergy

6. Heat Pump Systems are Reliable
Compressor was initially powered by hand crank diesel motor… changed to electric motor (still being used!!) in 1953 when his wife couldn’t start it.
Courtesy Mr. Ed Lohrenz, CGD, GeoXergy
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7. GSHP Basics
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8. Geothermal Heat Pump Systems combine Sun, Earth and Water
using proven technology…
… to create “the most energy-efficient, environmentally clean, and cost-effective space-conditioning system”
(according to U.S. EPA 1993)
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9. Geothermal System Components
Heat pump
Ground loop
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10. Heat Pumps Are All Around Us
Air conditioners and air-source heat pumps transfer heat from inside houses to the air outside
HEAT B
Everyone here has at least one heat pump in their home right now…the fridge. You cannot make cold, all you can do is remove heat. They take heat inside and near zero and pump it to heat exchange coils on bottom or in the back that are much warmer than the temperature inside it
AC is also same technology B B
Refrigerators transfer heat from food into the kitchen
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11. Heat Pump Components Compressor Refrigerant reversing valve
Fluid heat exchanger – ground loop (Coax)
Metering device – TXV
Air heat exchanger – air coil
Electrical Controls
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12. Option
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13. Typical water-refrigerant Heat Exchanger used in most GSHP equipment
Simple Concept
Water moves energy better than air does
Water in the ground provides renewable energy
Typical water-refrigerant Heat Exchanger used in most GSHP equipment
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14. The earth itself is the best solar energy collection and storage medium we have available capturing 47% of all the energy our plant receives from the sun
47% of the solar energy falling on our planet is absorbed by the Earth’s surface…
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15. The earth is such a massive storage medium that when you get below 10 ft deep the temperature never changes
This moderate temperature reflects the average amount of solar energy received at that location over the year
… maintaining a nearly constant temperature throughout the year just below ground
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16. Earth is a better Energy Source
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17. The Earth is the Source of Heat in Winter…
Outdoor air
design temperature:
-5°F
72°F
Why should we utilize high quality fossil fuels that are a mobile fuel capable of burning at thousands degree just to heat a building to a low temperature barely above that in the earth right below it?
This is like making electrical wire out of silver instead of copper… it works great but is a waste of a precious resource
Compare the earth temperature to the outside air temperature
50°F
A geothermal heat pump transfers underground heat into the building to provide heating
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18. …and an Efficient Place to Reject or Store Heat in Summer…
Outdoor air
design temperature:
95°F
74°F
Compare outside air to earth temperature and note how much higher cooling efficiencies can be when you are not working to pump the heat to a hot place
50°F
A geothermal heat pump transfers heat from the building into the ground to provide cooling
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19. …using Heat Pump Technology
Geothermal heat pumps circulate water through a sealed underground piping loop where it is naturally warmed (or cooled) by the Earth
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20. Geothermal System Components
Ground loop
Three basic designs
Horizontal
Open Loop
Vertical
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21. Vertical Closed-Loop Installation
Drilling
Pipe Loop
Insertion
Heat Fusing
Inside
Connection
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22. Geothermal Heat Pump Efficiency
1 unit of energy
from the grid
Yields:
4-6 units of energy
for the building
Plus:
3-5 units of “free” energy
from the earth
% Efficient
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23. Total Geothermal System
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24. Geothermal Equipment The equipment keeps getting better
“COP’s” (% efficiency) are reaching 5 (500%)
Hybrid units can greatly reduce installation costs
Fits load control and peak time pricing
Can be tied to a gas furnace for load control
Water to water units can support thermal storage for expanded peak clipping
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25. Geothermal Heat Pumps Self-contained heating, cooling and hot water
GHPs look like a high quality conventional furnace
They are self contained in one box and sit inside, usually in basement or closet
They operate off a normal thermostat and to the occupant would seem no different than any heating and cooling system
There is nothing to see or hear outside
Self-contained
heating, cooling and hot water
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26. are one of the Most Effective and Deployable Technologies…
Geothermal Heat Pumps
are one of the Most Effective
and Deployable Technologies…
… producing the lowest carbon dioxide emissions, including all source effects, of all available space-conditioning technologies (EPA, 1993)
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28. “Ground Source Heat Pumps offer the greatest potential for energy efficiency of any existing technology” (EPRI Dec 2009)
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29. Buildings Dominate U.S. Energy Use and Carbon Emissions
with Heating, Cooling, and Water Heating being the Largest Contributors
Thermal Loads
Heating %
Cooling %
Hot Water %
Total %
~ 20% of all U.S. Carbon Emissions
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30. HVAC Energy Use Comparisons Reduces energy consumption by 50%
Conventional HVAC - Home
Geothermal HVAC - Home
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31. Ordinary Furnace Efficiency
5 - 30% of Energy Lost (unusable energy)
To Outdoors Through the Chimney
1 Unit
Of Fuel Used To
Generate Heat
(Purchased)
Only % of Energy Purchased Gets Into the Home
(usable energy)
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32. Geothermal Heat Pump Efficiency
1 unit of energy
from the grid
Yields:
4-6 units of energy
for the building
Plus:
3-5 units of “free” energy
from the earth
% Efficient
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33. Energy Savings - Residential Demonstrated Residential Savings…
Geothermal Heat Pumps
Energy Savings - Residential
This is a Habit for Home that is part of a new 220 home development being built in Oklahoma City.
The development is going to be the first LEED certified Habitat development in the nation.
Every home has a GHP, foam insulation, ducts in conditioned space, low E windows, CFL lighting
The homes will use 60% less energy than the Habitat homes they were building last year… standard code homes
This home is one of two that have a solar PV system also. This cuts total energy by 75% compared to last year homes. This small solar array will make ALL of the energy to run the GHP system. It also makes this energy during the hot sunny afternoons when the utility is on peak… This home should be a zero peak home, which mean uses no energy on peak
1300 Square Foot Habitat for Humanity Home
Demonstrated Residential Savings…
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34. Average of 16 Homes - Total Site Energy Use in 2007
Habitat for Humanity
Average of 16 Homes - Total Site Energy Use in 2007
47% Site Energy Savings
This is the actual metered TOTAL energy consumption of 8 gas furnace with AC homes compared to 8 GHP homes
These were homes built in 2006 that DO NOT include the insulation, window and lighting upgrades and DO NOT have a solar system. They are pretty much standard code homes with either a conventional gas AC system or a GHP
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35. Demand Impacts
Each residential heat pump linked to geothermal system can reduce peak loads in (US DOE)
Summer by 1–2 KW vs. AC
Winter by 4–8 KW vs. AAHP & ER
Residential (Electric Program)
Over 10 million residential consumers
Assume just 1 KW reduction per installation
10,000 MW demand reduction
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36. Demand Impacts
GHP
Value
.5 kW/
ton
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37. Demand Impacts Austin TX model results
ClimateMaster is working with the Utility Geothermal Working Group and Oak Ridge National Lab to develop a national GSHP demand and energy savings “map” using eQuest (DOE 2) modeling for utility program managers.
Austin TX model results
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38. Demand Impacts
4 ton Geo vs. Conventional –Home Peaks – Denver Colorado
Avg. of 2.1kw savings
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39. Energy Savings - Commercial
Schools are the biggest market nationwide
Demonstrated Commercial Buildings Savings
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40. A Tale of Two Buildings PROJECT RESULTS FROM:
A “side by side” Comparison of a Ground Source Heat Pump System vs. Conventional HVAC System between two “identical” buildings.
Palo Alto, CA
Oklahoma City, OK
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41. Oklahoma City - Garrett Buildings
Conventional 15,000 sq ft Built in 1987 Conventional Roof Top VAV Building GHP 20,000 sq ft Built in boreholes drilled 250 feet deep on 20 foot centers and 3/4 inch PE pipe 16 Ceiling Mounted Units
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42. Garrett Office Buildings Actual Metered Annual Energy Use 2006-2007
47% Site Energy Savings
Actual metered energy use last year
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43. Garrett Office Buildings
Monthly Peak Demand
35% Peak Demand Reduction
This really matters to utilities and to areas like NE with grid problems
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44. Load Factor (4 yr Monthly Average)
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45. Palo Alto, California Buildings
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46. 2183 and 2185 Park Blvd Buildings
Two Stories
10,000 sq ft each
Built in the 1960s
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47. Palo Alto Buildings Energy Costs
construction
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48. Hourly Load Curve Sample 08/22/06
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49. Typical distribution feeder (16 in all)
Proven Benefits: GSHP retrofit of 4,000 buildings/homes at Fort Polk Evaluation showed 33% kWh savings, 43% lower summer peak kW demand, and improved load factor (0.52 to 0.62)
Typical distribution feeder (16 in all)
Army’s existing meter
Current transducers on secondary leads to existing meter
New recording watt meter, modem, and phone line
To recorder
Buried phone line to nearest pedestal
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50. Geothermal Heat Pumps
The difference in the before and after system efficiency = carbon emissions savings.
300,000 GSHP retrofits could save approximately the carbon emissions of a 500 mW coal plant (which serves 300,000 +/- homes!)
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51. Tri State Market Kansas City, MO Vs. Louisville, KY Kansas City
4,750 heating degree days
1,325 cooling degree days
Louisville
4,610 Heating degree days
1,443 cooling degree days
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52. Tri State Market US DOE Build America model home
2,400 sq. feet
6 tons of heating & cooling
Gas water heater
GSHP with Desuperheater (TTS)
Vs. Packaged Single Zone Unit with Gas Furnace
10 SEER central AC
78 AFUE gas furnace
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53. Tri State Market
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54. Tri State Market
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55. Tri State Market Combined Electric & gas savings (site Btu)
Geo
25,913 kWh X 3,413 Btu/kWh = 88,441,069 Btu
7,025,000 gas Btus
95,466,069 annual Btus
Conventional gas & AC
19,634 kWh X 3,413 Btu/kWh = 67, Btu
194,972,000 gas Btus
261,982,842 annual Btus
63.6 % annual savings – site Btu
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56. Tri State Market 4.5 kW /.8 kW/ton 40% peak demand reduction
4kW/.7 kW per ton
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57. Tri State Market
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58. Tri State Market
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59. Tri State Market
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60. Tri State Market
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61. Existing Housing Stock (# Homes) - 2005
Gas – 13.1million
Electric – 1.3 million
Propane – 1.1 million
Heat Pump – 800k
Oil – 700k
Other – 700k
Gas – 5.3 million
Electric – 1.0 million
Propane – 800k
Heat Pump – 400k
Oil – 200k
Other – 200k
Gas – 5.7 million
Electric – 4.3 million
Propane – 800k
Heat Pump – 900k
Other – 400k
EIA 2005 Residential
Energy Consumption Survey
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62. Assumed Market Penetration: 25% of homes without access to natural gas
Geo Heat Pump Retrofits in Existing Homes - Example of Annual Energy and Carbon Savings Potential
CO2 – 10.0 MMT
Summer Peak – 1.9 GW
Winter Peak– 0.3 GW
Electric – 6.8 Billion kWh
Primary – 0.14 quad Btu
Geo Units – 1.0 million
Cost - $10 to $14 billion
Savings - $2.7 billion / yr
CO2 – 8.4 MMT
Summer Peak – 1.2 GW
Winter Peak– 0.8 GW
Electric – 6.3 Billion kWh
Primary – 0.12 quad Btu
Geo Units – 0.6 million
Cost - $6 to $8 billion
Savings - $1.6 billion / yr
CO2 – 14.4 MMT
Summer Peak – 3.1 GW
Winter Peak– 9.7 GW
Electric – 25.4 Billion kWh
Primary – 0.21 quad Btu
Geo Units – 1.5 million
Cost - $15 to $21 billion
Savings - $3.3 billion / yr
Assumed Market Penetration:
25% of homes without
access to natural gas
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63. are the Most Efficient way to convert Green Energy
Geothermal Heat Pumps
are the Most Efficient way to convert
Green Energy
into Heating, Cooling and Water Heating
It has been approved by many studies that GHP is the most energy efficient way available to convert green power into heating, cooling, and water heating demanded in the buildings. That is why most zero energy buildings that have been constructed use both on-site renewable electricity generation and GHP.
Making the most effective use of this precious resource
No Carbon Electricity = carbon free heating, cooling & water heating
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64. Geothermal Heat Pumps Louisville KY eQuest whole house
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Source- Scientific American

65. The payback on Geothermal Systems is many times faster than solar PV
But….Geo plus PV (or micro wind) can provide a zero energy home/building with no net off-site electricity or fossil fuel required
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66. Market Growth
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67. North American Geothermal Industry Shipments
Single Family Residential - 63% of Total
Continued Growth Despite a Slow Economy
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68. GHP Market Growth
Since their introduction in the 1980’s, over 1.5 million geothermal heat pumps have been installed in the united states
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69. Geothermal Heat Pump DOE Industry Roadmap Growth Goal
1 Million GHPs Annually by 2017 (39% CAGR)
Results in 3.3 million cumulative GHP installations by 2017
26 MMT annual CO2 reduction
520 MMT lifecycle CO2 reduction over 20 yr GHP life
Creates 100,000 new jobs
Conventional A/C and heat pump market is 6 to 8 million units annually
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70. Why All the Interest?
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71. Most Energy-Efficient and Environmentally
Proven Technology
Millions of units installed world-wide in commercial
and residential applications
Most Energy-Efficient and Environmentally
Friendly HVAC System Widely Available
Water is a better heat transfer medium than air
Heat exchange loops tap the renewable energy of the Earth
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72. Self Contained Compact Units
No Fossil Fuel
Improves safety
Eliminates service lines, flues, outside air intakes
No site emissions
Long Equipment Life
Factory sealed systems
Indoor installation – no exposure to the elements
Moderate compressor loading vs. air-source systems
Self Contained Compact Units
Hidden within attics or installed in closets
No vandalism or theft concerns
Up-flow, horizontal, or down-flow single-package units
Split system and water-to-water units available
If outdoors
Better aesthetics
No noise
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73. Using a Single Geothermal Heat Pump Planting an Acre of Trees
is Equivalent to
Planting an Acre of Trees
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74. The payback on Geothermal Systems is many times faster than solar PV
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75. Environmentally Responsible
Geothermal Systems can be Classified as:
Solar
Geothermal
Renewable
Alternative
Demand-Side
Conservation
Energy-Efficiency
Zero-Ozone Depleting
Environmentally Responsible
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76. Heat Pump Energy Efficiency Take -aways
Geothermal is the most efficient method of heating and cooling a home
Geothermal is both a renewable and energy efficient technology
Geothermal reduces utility peaks and improves load factor
There is no question – IT DOES WORK!
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77. Thank You For Your Attention! Questions?
If you ever need a hand you can reach me at:
Paul Bony
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