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Introduction Todays presentation will cover the following topics:
Session 1 Intruder Alarm Systems CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) Systems Access Control/Door Entry Systems Questions & Answers Tea Break (approx. 10:30am) Session 2 Fire Detection & Alarm Systems Emergency Lighting Systems
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Standards All of the systems that we will cover today are regulated and covered by the standards indicated below NSAI – National Standards Authority of Ireland PSA – Private Security Authority Intruder Alarm Systems – EN :2006 (NSAI & PSA) CCTV Systems – PSA2006_12 (NSAI & PSA) Access Control – SR40 (NSAI & PSA) Fire Alarm Systems – IS3218:2009 (NSAI) Emergency Lighting Systems – IS3217:2008 (NSAI)
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Regulatory Bodies NSAI – National Standards Authority of Ireland
PSA – Private Security Authority The NSAI are the most commonly used regulatory body in relation to Intruder Alarm Systems although there are others such as EQA, MSC, SSAIB, CerticCS & Stellar Certification Services. In the case of the NSAI, certification is provided and continually audited and renewed via annual inspections of certified installations. The PSA will issue a licence in relation to Intruder Alarms, CCTV and Access Control based on a combination of Certification from one of the bodies indicated above along with further information provided to them by the company in question. The PSA was established in 2004 pursuant to the Private Security Service Act, 2004 to provide further regulation of the Security Industry covering Intruder Alarm Installation & Maintenance, Remote Monitoring, Static Guards etc. It is the statutory body with responsibility for regulating and licensing the Irish private security industry. It provides a national database of licenced contractors which is readily accessible on line. For users of private security services, Section 38 of the Act makes it an offence to employ an unlicensed security contractor or employee. Contravention Section 38 of the Act will make a person liable to incur a fine of up to €3, and/or imprisonment. The penalties for unlicensed contractors is similarly harsh. The PSA application procedure requires Garda vetting of all company directors going back to their original place of birth including all places of residence. In the case of other company employees, Standard SR40 requires an employer to review a prospective employees history for the previous 10 year period including employers, schools, work abroad etc. This can be reassuring for prospective clients considering the types of system being installed and maintained by the company.
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Alfa Security Ltd Company Background
Alfa Security Ltd was established and registered in 1984. Started out installing and maintaining both domestic an commercial intruder alarm systems to IS199 which was the standard of the day. This standard has now changed to EN :2006. Have kept apace with the industry and expanded to also cover CCTV, Access Control, Door Entry, Gate Automation, Fire Alarm and Emergency Lighting Systems. Work at the cutting edge of all new technologies, best practices and standards offering systems of all scales to suit Customer, Site and Budget. Can offer a security consultancy service to existing and prospective customers at no cost including system reviews and security audits. In the early days before technology really took off, alarm systems could be installed with a series of relays, power supplies and a few magnetic contacts. We had devices like pressure mats under carpets, CC Wiring on Doors and Foil Tape on Windows. The industry has changed so much since then that technology and its advancements are at the forefront and are constantly evolving. I have to say that given we are in the grip of a recession and the amount of new trade is slower, January started the year for us on a very positive note. We have a strong and loyal customer base and our emphasis is on customer service and system/site audits. It is quite amazing the number of devices that fail on inspection and if a system is not regularly maintained/serviced, this can go unnoticed for a long period. A few examples of our audit/review findings: Circuit Court Judge – We had taken over the maintenance of the alarm system and had carried out an alarm upgrade along with the installation of a CCTV System. During our post installation follow up call we called to the site and recommended the installation of an additional alarm keypad on the upper floor. It was pointed out to the customer that the last thing you need is to come downstairs to the alarm keypad in the event of an activation. On the garden perimeter there was a full automated set of swing gates which offered a good level of security but this was then complemented by a low wall and sparse hedge. At times you must assume the mentality of the burglar in order to identify the areas of risk.
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Intruder Alarm Systems
Standard: EN :2006 Installers require certification/licencing from the following bodies: NSAI (National Standards Authority of Ireland) PSA (Private Security Authority)
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Areas to be covered include:
System Design System Types including Pros and Cons Basic System Principles – Perimeter Protection, Trap Protection Basic Detector Types Communications Equipment Alarm Monitoring Certification & Warranty System Maintenance
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System Design System Design is based on but not limited to the following: Purpose of System Customer Requirements Site History & Layout Type of Business Overall Site Risk Assessment Accessibility of Site Building Contents Types of Doors/Windows etc Building Contents & Value
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System Types Hard Wired vs. Wire Free
Intruder Alarm Systems can be Hard Wired, Wire Free or a mixture of both. There are a wide range of detectors available for both types of system and each type will have pros and cons depending on the site and the overall system requirements. Panels on the market can be hard wire only, wire free only or hybrid which offers a mixture of both technologies
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Hard Wired Systems Pros No RF Range issues
No device battery replacement costs Wider range of detection equipment available Cons Cabling can be labour intensive Not suitable for some finished buildings
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Wire Free Systems Pros No cabling required
Very easy and quick to install Minimum site disturbance Can have similar cost to wired systems in some applications Cons RF Range of Detectors can be limited depending on building, construction materials etc. Batteries need to be replaced every 2 years As technology improves, we find that battery life also increases
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Basic System Principles
Perimeter Protection – Protection of windows and doors by way of Inertia Shock Sensors, Magnetic Reed Contacts, Combined Shock Sensor/Magnetic Contacts, Point to Point Beams and External Motion Detectors. Trap Protection – Protection of Internal Areas by way of motion detectors. Full Protection – Carried out by a combination of the above. Our philosophy has always been to offer full protection whereby the entire perimeter is protected including all window opes along with internal trap protection by way of Motion Detectors
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Basic Detector Types Magnetic Reed Contact (MC) – These devices detect a physical opening only and are normally used on windows and doors. High Frequency Inertia Sensor (SEN) – These devices operate by detecting vibration. They are used on windows and doors to detect a forced entry/breakage. Combined Sensor & Contact (COM) – These devices are a combination of the above. Passive Infra Red Detector (PIR) – These devices detect changes in temperature of the type generated when a person crosses their field of view. Dual Technology Detector (D-TEC) – These devices contain two different detectors in one unit which must be activated simultaneously before an alarm condition is signalled. They normally consist of Ultrasonic, Passive Infra Red and Microwave Detection technology. Microwave Detector (M.WAVE) – These devices detect microwaves and are normally used in warehouses and large open plan areas. They offer vastly improved detection range when compared with PIR or D-TEC. Transmit/Receive Beam (TX/RX) – This is a set of beams which include an infra red transmitter and receiver or reflector unit. This are used to detect movement between two set points.
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Basic Detector Types
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Communications Equipment
PSTN Digital Communicator – This unit is fitted to the Intruder Alarm Control panel and connected to a telephone land line to allow signals to be sent from the Alarm System via the phone line. GSM Communicator – This can be used in the absence of, or in addition to a land line based communicator. These units operate on the GSM Cellular Network and can be used as a stand alone communicator or as a back-up device to the PSTN Communicator. Mesh Radio Communicator – These units operate on Radio Frequency to allow signals to be sent to the Alarm Receiving Centre only. These are far more secure than both the PSTN and GSM Units. The majority of communicators on the market today offer Text Messaging, Voice Messaging and Central Station Monitoring capabilities. In some cases, the GSM Unit can also be controller via text message allowing a user to set/unset the system, check recent events and also (via relays) control lighting, heating, gates etc.
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Alarm Monitoring Alarm Receiving Centre (ARC) – Alarm signals are sent to an approved ARC who in turn contact the nominated keyholders and/or Gardaí as required. Garda response requires that the Alarm System has some form of verification technology in place such as Audio or Video Verification. In most cases alarm verification is carried out by the alarm system when a second separate detector activates. This service carries an annual charge. SMS Text Messaging – In the event of an alarm activation, a text message is sent to nominated mobile phone numbers. (SMS Text Messaging is not available with UPC telephone lines) Voice Messaging – In the event of an alarm activation, the alarm system dials the nominated phone numbers in sequence with a pre-recorded voice message. Standard Monitoring fees would be as follows: Domestic (Landline Based) - € inc Vat per annum Commercial (Landline Based) – € plus Vat per annum Radio/GSM Backup (supplied by ARC) - € € plus Vat per annum In the event of the installation of a third party GSM unit such as HKC, Pyronix etc, there is also a SIM Card cost to be considered (normally in the region of €10.00 per month. Copies of the Intruder Alarm Completion Cert are provided to the Client, ARC and certification body. On completion of all required paperwork, the Gardai issue a URN (Unique Reference Number) for the site. This is a requirement for Garda response to monitored systems.
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Certification & Warranty
All equipment installed comes with a 12 month manufacturer’s warranty. On completion of an Intruder Alarm System, a certificate of compliance to EN is issued. This certificate remains valid for 12 months from the date of installation. To maintain the validity of this cert, the customer must have a maintenance contract in place with a licenced company.
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System Maintenance It is a requirement under EN , to have a maintenance contract in place to retain the validity of the certification. It is best practice to have contract in place to have the Intruder Alarm serviced bi-annually at approximate intervals of 6 months. Maintenance contracts normally include access to a 24hr Emergency Service, preferential call booking along with reduced call out charges. It is the client’s responsibility to ensure that the system is maintained/repaired as required.
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Review I would hope that this presentation has provided you with a better understanding of Intruder Alarm Systems and I am now open to answer any questions that you may have.
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CCTV Systems Standard: PSA2006_12
Installers require certification/licencing from the following bodies: NSAI (National Standards Authority of Ireland) PSA (Private Security Authority)
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Areas to be covered include:
System Design System Types Camera Types Image Quality System Networking Monitored CCTV Systems System Warranty System Maintenance
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Definition A Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) System is a system of electronic or other devices designed, constructed or adapted to monitor or record images on, or in the vicinity of a premises.
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System Design System design should be based on but not limited to the following: Customer Requirements System purpose Site specific risk assessment Data Protection and Privacy Legislation Stages of CCTV Design & Installation Location Survey/Site Plan/Risk Assessment System Design System Design Proposal (SDP) Document Installation Planning System Installation Testing & Commissioning As Fitted Document (AFD) provided to client Techrete (example) approx 13,500 sq mt – System was originally designed for a new building but was not reviewed in relation to the changes in site layout/usage. Stock, racking etc was installed around the perimeter of the building obscuring CCTV images and the external motion sensors. Images at night were very poor due to a combination of camera and lighting quality. This was vastly improved with the installation of a Full Function Dome camera at high level which has a zoom ratio of 18:1 with on-board infra red LEDs with a range of 70mt.
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System Types CCTV Systems are divided into two main types as outlined below: Conventional Digital System This type of system consists of analogue CCTV Cameras which are connected to a Digital Video Recorder (DVR) which stores the required images on an Internal Hard Disc Drive. Cameras are connected to the recording equipment via Coaxial Cable and BNC connectors. The DVR comes in 4/8/16 & 32 Camera configurations. IP Based System This type of system consists of IP CCTV Cameras which are connected to a Network Video Recorder (NVR) which also stores the images on an Internal Hard Disc Drive. Cameras are connected to the recording equipment via Cat 5e/Cat 6 Data Cable. IP Cameras offer far superior image quality to that of analogue cameras and the systems are more flexibility when compared to analogue systems. Equipment costs have been constantly changing/reducing over the past few years in the case of both types of systems as the required technology becomes widely available and new manufacturers enter the market In the case of a standard 4-camera IP System, the equipment costs can be anywhere from % more expensive depending on requirements.
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Analogue Systems Pros Equipment is relatively inexpensive
Huge range of equipment/manufacturer’s Tried & Trusted technology Cons A finite number of cameras can be connected to a single DVR Limited image resolution Installation of cabling can be labour intensive
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IP Based Systems Pros Far superior image quality
More flexible than an analogue system Less cabling required when using Hubs/Switches More functionality in relation to search/archiving Cons Equipment is far more expensive More Hard Disc space required due to higher quality images. Smaller range of camera types/manufacturer’s
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Camera Types CCTV Cameras will normally be Monochrome only, Colour only & Colour/Mono and are available in a wide range housings. Fixed Box Camera & Lens – These are normally mounted internally on brackets or inside an externally rated housing. The camera comes with a separate lens which is interchangeable. Internal/External Dome Camera – These come with a built-in lens which can be fixed or varifocal type. External Bullet Camera - These come with a built-in lens which can be fixed or varifocal type and normally have built-in Infra Red LED to provide a monochrome image in low lighting conditions. Covert Camera – These are usually in the guise of an Intruder Alarm Motion Detector or a Smoke detector unit although other types are available and they are not readily identifiable as a CCTV Camera. Full Function Camera – A full function or Pan/Tilt/Zoom (PTZ) camera is a camera which can be controlled via the CCTV Recorder, Joystick or Network Connection. These cameras can be fully controlled to view various areas within a site and are especially useful on sites where there is an operator in control of the system at all times. There is an enormous range of cameras available with different styles, lens & IR ranges and configurations, these are just some of the main examples. Day/Night or Colour/Mono Cameras automatically change from Colour to Black & White once the lighting levels have dropped below the cameras threshold.
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Camera Types Box Camera Camera Housing Dome Camera Bullet Camera
Covert Camera Full Function Camera
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Image Quality Image quality is determined by a number of factors such as: Recording Equipment Camera type & performance Available light The standard PSA2006_12 provides for minimum image sizes in relation to various requirements as follows: Monitoring – The target shall represent not less than 5% of the picture height Detection – The target shall represent not less than 10% of the picture height Recognition - The target shall represent not less than 50% of the picture height Identification - The target shall represent not less than 120% of the picture height Majority of DVRs and NVRs have the facility to alter the image resolution, quality and frame rate per camera. For example a system can be set up to constantly record low quality images at 6 fps, once the camera or external trigger detects motion, the system can be set to record a high quality image at 25 fps, thus saving on HDD space Available light has a huge bearing on the final images produced by any CCTV Camera and levels on site should be checked using a Lux Meter at the initial Risk Assessment/Survey Stage
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System Networking The vast majority of both analogue Digital Video Recorders and IP Network Video Recorders can be networked to allow for remote access to the CCTV System via Local Area Network (LAN) or Wide Area Network (WAN). Remote access can be via Desktop PC, Laptop, Netbook, Tablet PC and Smartphone. Offsite access will require a Broadband Connection at the recording equipment. In the case of tablet PC and smartphone, remote access would normally involve the installation of the relevant App. If the system has been networked for remote access, an amplifier and speakers can also be connected allowing for audio commands/warnings to be issued via the CCTV System. This can be done from PC, Smartphone etc.
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Monitored CCTV Systems
CCTV Systems can be remotely monitored by Alarm Receiving Centres (ARC) with the additional of external Motion Detectors and PA Speakers. The Motion Detectors trigger an alarm condition to the ARC and in some cases will also send a video clip of the cause of the trigger. ARC operators can then take a live view of the system and issue audio alerts to site via the external speakers. This type of system makes a huge difference to sites as in the vast majority of instances, the unauthorised person leaves the site immediately. Monitored CCTV Systems have proved to be a huge success, especially in the case of a client who cannot afford to have manned security on site. Whilst the installation costs can be quite high, the savings over the course of a year can be huge. The most obvious advantage of a monitored CCTV Systems is that it is a very effective deterrent. In the majority of cases, once an audio warning is issued, the unauthorised persons leaves the site
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System Warranty The vast majority of components installed as part of a CCTV System will come with a 12 month warranty although this may be up to 5 years depending on the equipment installed and the manufacturer.
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System Maintenance To retain the validity of the certification issued, a customer is required to have a maintenance contract in place with a licenced company. Systems should be serviced bi-annually at approximate 6 month intervals. It is the client’s responsibility to ensure that the system is maintained/repaired as required.
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Review I would hope that this presentation has provided you with a better understanding of CCTV Systems and I am now open to answer any questions that you may have.
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Access Control & Door Entry Systems
Standard: SR40:2005 There is a requirement for the installer to have SR40 certification from the National Standards Authority of Ireland (NSAI) along with the relevant licence for Access Control from the Private Security Authority (PSA)
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System Overview Access Control/Door Entry Systems are designed to limit access to a premises to Authorised Persons Only. This can be carried out by use of Audio or Video Intercoms, Access Keypads, Swipe Card Readers, Proximity Readers and Biometric Readers. Systems can be interlinked with Intruder Alarms Systems, Fire Alarm Systems and CCTV Systems as required by the client.
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System Design Access Control Systems are designed based on the customer requirements. Safety considerations must be made in relation to the type of locking device used, it may be Fail Safe (the door releases on loss of power) or Fail Secure (the door remains locked on loss of power) Push to Exit Buttons and Green Manual Call Points are generally located on the secure side of the door in question although these may be substituted with a further access control readers as required.
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Door Entry Door Entry Systems are can be a basic Intercom System with Audio Only which controls an electronic lock with a release button on the Intercom Handset to more complicated Video/Audio Systems with multiple entrances and Answer Stations. These systems are designed to allow the client to check/interrogate callers to a premises before granting access.
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Electronic Access Control
Access Control Systems are installed to allow authorised persons to access areas of a premises via Keypad/PIN Number, or Proximity Cards/Fobs. These systems can be stand-alone type or fully networked systems which are controlled via centralised PC and Software. Access Software allows for the system to be set up for access during certain hours, to certain doors, for certain people. It can also be used to provide Muster Lists, Time & Attendance Records or to historically track usage of doors/users. Core Times User Groups Door Groups Visitors
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Access Readers Keypad – This is operated by inputting the allocated PIN/Code Number which allows the electronic locking device to release the relevant access point (Door/Gate/Turnstile etc.) Swipe Card Reader – This is operated with an Access card which contains a Magstripe which is swiped through a slot in the reader unit. Proximity Reader – This is operated by presenting a Proximity Card or Fob to the Reader. This units do not require that the Proximity Card/Fob actually touches the reader unit thus preventing the wear and tear normally seen with Swipe Cards. Biometric Reader – Also known as a Fingerprint Reader, this is operated by presenting the persons index finger to the reader unit PIN Keypads and Proximity readers are the most popular means of access control at present although Biometric Technology has become more reliable and less expensive over the last few years. Anti Pass Back
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Access Readers Magstripe/Swipe cards are old technology and are subject to wear and tear Proximity readers can be used with proximity cards or fobs Biometric readers operate by recognising the unique fingerprint of the individual.
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Locking Options Access Control Systems would normally be installed in conjunction with some form of Electronic Locking Device such as Electromagnetic Locks, Electronic Solenoid Drop Bolts, Electric Strike Locks, etc. It is best practice to link these systems to a Fire Alarm System (if present) to allow the relevant doors to automatically release in the event of an Fire Alarm System activation. Maglock Drop Bolt Electric Strike CISA Abloy
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System Maintenance It is best practice to have an Access Control System serviced Bi-Annually at approximate 6-Month intervals. All readers, doors, locks, power supply units and batteries should be checked during the course of these visits.
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Review I would hope that this presentation has provided you with a better understanding of Access Control & Door Entry Systems and I am now open to answer any questions that you may have.
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Break
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Fire Alarm Systems Standard: I.S.3218:2009
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Areas to be covered include:
Purpose of System System Design System Categories System Types Basic Detector Types Siting of Detectors Audible & Visual Equipment Communications Equipment Alarm Monitoring Certification & Warranty System Maintenance
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Purpose of System The primary function of a Fire Detection & Alarm System is to provide an early warning of a Fire in the building in order to alert the occupants thus increasing their chances of escape. A secondary function of the system is to reduce loss of, or damage to the property thus increasing the chances of extinguishing the Fire. These systems can be linked to other applications and services in the building such as Gas Slam Valves, Smoke Vents, Access Control Systems, Intruder Alarm Systems etc.
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System Design System Design is based on but not limited to the following: Purpose of System Customer Requirements Site History & Layout Type of Business Overall Site Risk Assessment All stages of system design should be carried out in conjunction with IS3218:2009. Fire Officer Recommendations/Requirements Accessibility of Site Building Contents Building Usage Building Contents & Value
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System Categories Category M Systems – These offer no automatic detection devices and comprise Manual Call Points and Sounders Only. Category L Systems – The primary purpose of a Type L System is the protection of Life and this can be sub-divided in further sections based on the overall level of protection offered (L4, L3, L2, L1) Category (M or L)X Systems – This type of systems denotes a building with Multi Occupancy. Type M Systems require Manual Initiation of an Alarm Type L System – Includes automation detection equipment. Category L Systems shall always contain a Category M System L4 – Protection of escape routes only L3 – Protection of Escape Routes & Adjoining Areas L2 – This is a Category L3 or L4 supplemented with additional protection in specific areas (noted as Category L2/L3 or L2/L4) --X – In multiple occupancy buildings there may be a requirement to link separate fire panels or provide audible and/or visual indication of a fire condition in other parts of the premises.
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System Types Conventional System – This type of system is based on separate zones which have multiple detectors installed. On activation of the system, the control panel will indicate the activated zone only. The user must then physically check each detector on the zone for activation. Addressable System – This type of system consists of individually addressed detectors and/or sounders which are connected in a loop. On activation, the control panel will show the device address along with a device location. Conventional Systems can be less expensive to install due to the cost of the equipment Addressable systems offer far superior indication of the exact location of an alarm activation but the equipment is more expensive. Callouts by Fire Services can cost between €100-€
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Detector Types Fire Detection & Alarm System will normally comprise of some or all of the detection devices indicated below. Manual Call Points – Manually Activated by persons Smoke Detector Units – These are mainly two different types, Ionisation or Optical Heat Detector Units – These can be Rate of Rise or Fixed Temperature Optical Beam Detector Units – These are normally used for larger areas such as warehouses Flame Detector Units – Detect Ultraviolet or Infra Red radiation usually put out by fires Carbon Monoxide Detector – Used to detect CO2 in areas Ionisation Detector – Based on the principle that the electric current flowing between electrodes in an ionisation chamber is reduced when smoke particles enter the chamber Optical Detector – The operate by detecting the scattering or absorption of light by smoke particles Fixed Temp Detector – These operate when they reach a pre-selected temperature threshold Rate of Rise Detector – These operate when the temperature rises abnormally quickly Optical Beam Detector – These comprise a transmitter and receiver/reflector unit. They operate by detecting changes in the beam signal due to smoke particles Carbon Monoxide – CO2 can be generated by smouldering or slow burning fires.
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Detector Types Fire Bell Conventional Panel Firetuff Cable
Detector Base Detector Head Manual Call Point - Reset Type Electronic Sounder Manual Call Point – Break Glass Type Fire Gland
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Siting of Detectors Fire Alarm Detectors should be installed in accordance with both IS3218:2009 and manufacturer guidelines. Average Coverage is as follows: Heat Detector – 50 sq. mt, max distance between centres 10 mt Smoke/CO2 Detector – 100 sq. mt, max distance between centres 12 mt Siting of detectors will be dependant on the original site survey/risk assessment and will be based on other factors included in IS3218:2009
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Siting of Detectors
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Audible & Visual Equipment
An audible and visual device shall be located externally on the building in order to guide fire fighting assistance to the correct entrance to the building. Systems should comprise 2 no. Sounder Circuits with a minimum of 2 no. Audible Devices staggered throughout the premises to achieve a minimum level of 65db or 5db above any other noise which is likely to persist for more than 30 seconds. Where the audible devices are required to wake sleeping persons, the required level is 75db at the bed head In music venues where the music is at 80db, the fire alarm system shall mute the music on activation.
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Communications Equipment
Fire Alarm Systems can have there own stand-alone communication devices operating on PSTN, GSM or Radio technology. In the majority of cases the Fire Alarm System is linked to an Intruder Alarm System on site for the purpose of remote monitoring. PSTN Digital Communicator – This unit connected to a telephone land line to allow signals to be sent from the Alarm System via the phone line. GSM Communicator – This can be used in the absence of, or in addition to a land line based communicator. These units operate on the GSM Cellular Network and can be used as a stand alone communicator or as a back-up device to the PSTN Communicator. Mesh Radio Communicator – These units operate on Radio Frequency to allow signals to be sent to the Alarm Receiving Centre only. These are far more secure than both the PSTN and GSM Units.
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Fire Alarm Monitoring Alarm Receiving Centre (ARC) – Alarm signals are sent to an approved ARC who in turn contact the nominated keyholders and/or Gardaí as required. Garda response requires that the Alarm System has some form of verification technology in place such as Audio or Video Verification. In most cases alarm verification is carried out by the alarm system when a second separate detector activates. This service carries an annual charge. SMS Text Messaging – In the event of an alarm activation, a text message is sent to nominated mobile phone numbers. (SMS Text Messaging is not available with UPC telephone lines) (Only available when connected to an Intruder Alarm System or via GSM) Voice Messaging – In the event of an alarm activation, the alarm system dials the nominated phone numbers in sequence with a pre-recorded voice message. There is no all encompassing legal requirement to have a Fire Alarm System monitored remotely although it would be considered to be best practice. A lot will depend on the Fire Officer and Insurance Company requirements
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Certification & Warranty
All equipment installed comes with a 12 month manufacturer’s warranty. On completion of an Fire Alarm System, a certificate of compliance to IS3218:2009 is issued indicating the relevant category of system. A Fire Alarm Log Book must be kept on site at all times and all routine service calls, faults, repairs and tests must be logged.
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System Maintenance A Fire Alarm System should be visually checked on a daily basis, and at least one device should be activated on a weekly basis by a responsible person nominated by the client. A quarterly test should be carried out by a competent company during the course of which, 25% of all devices are tested such that at the end of the annual period, 100% of the system has been tested.
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Review I would hope that this presentation has provided you with a better understanding of Fire Alarm Systems and I am now open to answer any questions that you may have.
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Emergency Lighting Systems
Standard: IS3217:2008 fghf
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Purpose To clearly indicate the escape route
To provide illumination along such routes to allow safe movement towards and through the exists provided. To provide sufficient lighting to enable the emergency services to conduct a search and rescue. To illuminate Fire Fighting Equipment and Call Points. To provide lighting for the premises to be reoccupied.
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Types of System Central Battery System – This type of system is powered by an array of batteries which are located remotely from the actual emergency lights. Self Contained System – This type of system utilises individual emergency lights which contain their own backup battery pack. Self contained systems would be more widespread than central battery type Central battery systems are more costly to maintain, replacement fittings are more expensive and not as readily available, battery replacement costs can be huge Basketball Arena – System was only linked for full mains failure which meant that the arena lights could trip out and no E/L would come on. This was rectified by linking the system to all lighting circuits so that a circuit tripping would bring on all emergency lights
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Types of Fittings Non-Maintained – These fittings will only illuminate in the event of a loss of mains power. Maintained – These fittings are constantly illuminated Sustained – These fittings are constantly illuminated and have two separate lamps, one which operates on mains power and a second which operates on battery power. Fittings can be stand-alone such as Exit Signs and Emergency Bulkhead type fittings, Twin Spot Type fittings or can be standard light fitting which have built-in emergency Invertor Packs.
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Emergency Light Locations
Exit Signs – These should be Maintained Type fittings and are located to indicate a route to, and to show final exits from the premises. Emergency Lights – These are Non-Maintained Type fittings and are located along escape routes, at changes in direction or floor level, above stairs and at locations where a person must be able to safely turn off any required equipment which may cause a hazard if not supervised when power is restored. Twin Spot – These are normally used to cover larger areas such as assembly areas, production areas and warehouses.
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Installation Notes Emergency Lighting should be installed in accordance with the current standard and manufacturer’s recommendations. Average height of luminaires is a minimum of two metres above floor level. Building layout/finish must be taken into consideration when designing or installing an Emergency Lighting System to take in such factors as building use, light reflection, minimum light levels required etc.
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Certification All certification must include the following details:
The design/installation/commissioning company details. Designers name, signature and qualification details Installers name, signature and qualification details Commissioners name, signature and qualification details Statement to the effect that the design, installation and commissioning of the system is in accordance with I.S.3217:2008 Statement from the Designer/Installer that they are suitable qualified to carry out the works Details of the premises including fulled marked, as built drawings.
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Testing/Servicing Emergency Lighting System can be tested by utilising a Central Test Unit which can be located on the Distribution Board or as a Stand-Alone Unit. These units mimic a loss of mains power to the relevant luminaires for durations of half hour, one hour and three hour intervals. Emergency Lighting Systems should be tested by a responsible person on a quarterly basis with at least one full three hour test carried out per annum. An Emergency Lighting Log Book should be kept available on the premises and all tests, services, faults and repairs should be logged.
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Review I would hope that this presentation has provided you with a better understanding of Emergency Lighting Systems and I am now open to answer any questions that you may have.
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