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Residential Exterior doors 101A

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1 Residential Exterior doors 101A
This Learning Seminar is available through a professional courtesy provided by: Plastpro, Inc. 5200 W. Century Blvd 9F Los Angeles, CA 90045 Toll-Free: Fax: Web: ©2014 Plastpro, Inc. The material contained in this course was researched, assembled, and produced by Plastpro, Inc. and remains its property.

2 Residential Exterior Doors 101A
Presented By: Plastpro, Inc. 5200 W. Century Blvd 9F Los Angeles, CA 90045 Description: This course is designed to provide the student with the fundamentals of various phases of residential exterior door construction and application. Course covers the identification of door casings, hardware and related terminology. Provider No: K518 Plastpro is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request. This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. The American Institute of Architects · Course No. 101A This program qualifies for: 1 LU Hour

3 Learning Objectives Objectives
To develop basic knowledge of exterior door construction. To create a professional vocabulary concerning millwork. To give insight into the production of exterior doors and door units. To describe and identify various parts of residential exterior doors and hardware.

4 Wood Doors and Components
Stile and Rail Doors Stiles Rails Panel Veneer Mullion Dowel Construction Mortice and Tenon Construction

5 Wood Doors and Components
Stile and Rail Doors Stiles Rails Panel Veneer Mullion

6 Wood Doors and Components
Stile and Rail Doors Stiles- the vertical pieces of a door on both sides that connect rails together, enabling lock, latch and hinge mortising to be done.

7 Wood Doors and Components
Stile and Rail Doors Stiles Rails – the horizontal pieces of a door connecting the stiles together. Located at the top, bottom and at intermediate points throughout the door.

8 Wood Doors and Components
Stile and Rail Doors Stiles Rails Panels – decorative components of a door which float between stiles, rails and mullions. Strictly for architectural detail.

9 Wood Doors and Components
Stile and Rail Doors Stiles Rails Panels Mullion – a vertical post or divider that rests between the rails of a door to contain the decorative panels

10 Wood Doors and Components
Stile and Rail Doors Stiles Rails Panels Mullion Veneer – a thin film or facing, adhesively bonded to a core, which makes up the exposed & decorative face of an assembly.

11 Wood Doors and Components
Stile and Rail Doors Construction Dowel Construction – a construction technique that connects the stiles and rails with dowels.

12 Wood Doors and Components
Stile and Rail Doors Construction Mortice & Tenon Construction – a door construction technique in which the stiles and rails are connected by inserting a tenon into a mortise.

13 Wood Doors and Components
Stile and Rail Doors Construction Wood doors can be built to any dimension as the materials allow. Most doors created for the commodity market are built to call size. (ex: 3/0 x 6/8 door is 36” x 80”)

14 Exterior Fiberglass/Steel Doors
Fiberglass Doors Stiles Rails Core Lock Block Skin

15 Exterior Fiberglass/Steel Doors
Fiberglass Doors Stiles Rails Fiberglass doors also have stiles and rails to maintain a solid construction.

16 Exterior Fiberglass/Steel Doors
Fiberglass Doors Polyurethane Core – the inside of fiberglass doors are filled with a polyurethane foam which expands to fill the area between the stiles, rails and skin.

17 Exterior Fiberglass/Steel Doors
Fiberglass Doors Lock block – rectangular block of wood (or other solid material) placed inside a door assembly at the lock edge into which the lock assembly is installed.

18 Exterior Fiberglass/Steel Doors
Fiberglass Doors Fiberglass Skin – SMC (Sheet molding compound) is a thermoset plastic sheet material made of glass fibers, resins, catalyst, fillers and pigments

19 Exterior Fiberglass/Steel Doors
Fiberglass Doors Different manufacturers use different techniques to assemble the components to make the door. These manufacturers also use different materials to produce the stiles, rails and lock blocks. Even the core formulas are different. Most fiberglass doors are built to a nominal size for the commodity market (Ex: 3/0 x 6/8 is 35-3/4” x 79-1/4”)

20 Exterior Fiberglass/Steel Doors
Stiles Rails Core Lock Block Skin Built to Nominal Size

21 Exterior Door Unit Components
Door Slab Frame Jamb Kerf Dado Rabbet (Rebate) Weatherstripping Head Jamb Hinge Jamb Strike Jamb

22 Exterior Door Unit Components
Door Slab Also called a leaf

23 Exterior Door Unit Components
Frame Consists of all of the components that surrounds the door slab to make a complete unit.

24 Exterior Door Unit Components
Frame Jamb – the perimeter frame part of a door unit

25 Exterior Door Unit Components
Frame Jamb Dado – a rectangular machined or sawn groove across the width of a component, cut so that a matching piece can be fitted into, to form a joint.

26 Exterior Door Unit Components
Frame Jamb Rabbet (Rebate) – a groove or step cut along the length of a component that is to be joined to a corresponding tongue or ledge.

27 Exterior Door Unit Components
Frame Jamb Kerf – a thin slot cut into an exterior jamb where weatherstripping can be inserted Weatherstripping – A component used to close a gap to reduce/eliminate air or water infiltration

28 Exterior Door Unit Components
Frame Jamb Head Jamb – the horizontal top frame member of a door unit Hinge Jamb – the vertical frame member to which the hinges are applied Strike Jamb – the vertical frame member that the lock latch will contact

29 Exterior Door Unit Components Cont.
Door Slab Frame Hinge Knuckle & Barrel Strike Threshold/Sill Casing Brickmold Fasteners

30 Exterior Door Unit Components Cont.
Door Slab Frame Hinge – an assembly of metal plates & a cylindrical pin which allows a door to rotate in its frame.

31 Exterior Door Unit Components Cont.
Door Slab Frame Hinge Knuckle – a cut into the hinge which wrap and form a barrel/socket for a pin

32 Exterior Door Unit Components Cont.
Door Slab Frame Hinge Knuckle Pin – The cylindrical rod that runs through the knuckles of the hinge to connect the two halves and acts as a pivot point.

33 Exterior Door Unit Components Cont.
Door Slab Frame Strike – a hole or recess in a jamb/frame for receiving a door latch

34 Exterior Door Unit Components Cont.
Door Slab Frame Threshold/Sill – horizontal part of a door unit, fixed to the jambs under the door slab, bearing on the floor

35 Exterior Door Unit Components Cont.
Door Slab Frame Casing – molding which accents or trims the edges of a door/window frame to the surrounding wall Brickmold – a molding used to trim the outside of an exterior door frame

36 Exterior Door Unit Components Cont.
Door Slab Frame Fasteners – mechanical connectors that hold the door unit together Screws Nails Corrugated nails

37 Secondary Considerations of Door Units
Door Hand Inswing Outswing

38 Secondary Considerations of Door Units
Door Hand The door hand is determined by establishing which side the strike is on when pulling the door leaf open to you.

39 Secondary Considerations of Door Units
Inswing The door leaf swings into the structure or room. Outswing The door leaf swings out of the structure or room.

40 Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Leaf Active Inactive Passive Single Double Triple Quad

41 Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Leaf – a term that can apply to a door or a hinge which defines the part of the assembly that swings on a pivot

42 Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Active – the hinged door leaf which is primarily operable

43 Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Inactive – a door panel fixed in its pane, usually non-operable

44 Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Passive – in a double door unit, the door which usually remains closed and fixed with locking mechanisms

45 Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Single Unit – a complete door unit with only one door leaf in the frame

46 Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Double Unit – a complete door unit with two door leafs in the frame. One active and one passive.

47 Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Triple Unit – a complete door unit with three door leafs. Any number of the leafs can be active, passive, or inactive.

48 Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Quad Unit – a complete door unit with four door leafs. Again, the leafs can meet any configuration.

49 Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Astragal – a ‘post’ attached on the latch side edge of one of a set of double doors, which covers the space between the doors when they are closed. It acts as a stop for the active leaf door.

50 Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Mullion (Mull) – a post or divider which runs from sill to frame top in a multi-panel door assembly

51 Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Sidelite – a fixed narrow panel, installed next to a door panel, for decorative purposes. (Sometimes acts as a passive leaf)

52 Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Transom – a framed assembly, usually glass, mounted atop a door unit

53 Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Cross-bore (Lock bore) – a large through-hole, near the edge of a door leaf which will house a cylinder latch or deadbolt latch. Backset - – the distance from a door edge to the center of a recess, hole or mortise (2-3/8” & 2-3/4” are standard).

54 Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Edge Bore – the hole bored through the edge of a door leaf to allow the latch hardware to pass through, into the jamb prep. Latch – usually spring loaded pin or bolt, which is part of the lock mechanism that engages a strike to retain a door closed.

55 Secondary Considerations of Door Units Cont.
Door Lite – an assembly of frame and glass panel, which when fitted to a door in a cut hole, creates a door with a glass opening.

56 Industry Terminology Clear – natural wood products made of full- length pieces of wood stock Fingerjoint – a way of joining short sections of board stock together, end to end, to make longer stock

57 Industry Terminology Clad – to cover a material with a facing to work as protection against weathering and provide a finished appearance

58 Industry Terminology Glazing – the “elastic” material used to seal glass to a surrounding frame Double glazed (Insulated) – outfitted with two panes of glass with a sealed airspace between Triple glazed – an insulated glass assembly made of three panes of glass with air spaces between the inner and outer thicknesses

59 Industry Terminology Reveal – the offset or space between the edges of parts

60 Industry Terminology Cont.
Rough Opening – a structurally framed opening in a wall which receives a door or window unit

61 Industry Terminology Cont.
Shim – thin piece of material used between parts of an assembly, to change and fix the distance between parts when they are fastened

62 Industry Terminology Cont.
Glass bead (Stop) – a small molding applied to the perimeter of glazed openings to secure the glazing materials within a door

63 Industry Terminology Cont.
LowE glass – (Low emissivity) glass that has been coated with a thin layer of nearly clear material which absorbs and reflects heat & UV rays

64 Industry Terminology Cont.
Bevel – a machining angle other than a right angle Miter - an angled cut across the end of a lineal part, usually done to join with a similarly cut part at a corner

65 Industry Terminology Cont.
Cope (Joinery) – the cutting/shaping the end of a molding or frame component to neatly fit the contours of an adjoining member

66 Industry Terminology Cont.
Butt joint – a joint formed by square edge surfaces coming together

67 Industry Terminology Cont.
Mortise – a recess cut into the surface or edge of a part, usually for the purposes of housing hardware

68 Industry Terminology Cont.
Muntins (Grids / Grilles) – thin vertical and horizontal divider bars used to give a glass lite a multi-paned look TDL – True Divided Lite The glass is truly separated into individual pieces SDL – Simulated Divided Lite The glass is one whole piece, but has the appearance of being multiple pieces of glass

69 Industry Terminology Cont.
Flush glazed – a type of glazed door which has its glass perimeter molding flush or subset down from the face of the surrounding door

70 Industry Terminology Cont.
MDF – generic name for material manufactured from lignocellulosic fibers (paper) combined with a synthetic resin and bonded together under heat and pressure HDF – a term to define MDF grades above 150 (hardness)

71 Performance Terminology
Air Infiltration – the accidental or unintentional introduction of outside air into a building or structure Water Infiltration – the accidental or unintentional introduction of outside water or water vapor into a building or structure R-value – the measure of thermal resistance; How well does this stop heat transfer (higher is better) U-value – the measure of heat transfer; How well does this conduct heat (lower is better) SHGC – (Solar Heat Gain Coefficient) the increase in temperature in a space as a result of solar radiation. It is a measurement of solar energy transmittance STC – (Sound Transmission Class) number rating system derived from measured values of sound transmission in decibels of a building element

72 Performance Terminology Cont.
NAHB – National Association of Home Builders ASTM – American Society for Testing & Materials NAMI – National Accreditation & Management Institute NFRC – National Fenestration Rating Council USGBC – U.S. Green Building Council LEED – Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design AAMA – American Architectural Manufacturers Association CARB – California Air Resources Board IBC – International Building Code IECC – International Energy Conservation Code

73 Troubleshooting Terminology
Square – relative to doors: all four inside corners of a unit are at a true 90 degree angle Level – relative to doors: the inner/outer face of the jamb legs are true perpendicular to the ground Plumb – relative to doors: the jamb legs are on the same plane, cross leg correction

74 Troubleshooting Terminology
Warp – any distortion in the plane of a door itself and not the relationship to the frame Cup – a curvature along the width of the door Bow – a curvature along the length of the door

75 Troubleshooting Terminology
Warp Twist – a deviation in which one or two corners of the door are out of plane with the other corners of the door

76 Troubleshooting Terminology
Delamination – separation of plies of materials through a failure of adhesive bond Swelling – an expansion of a component of the door, usually due to water infiltration

77 Standard Production Procedures
Door Height An overall length should be established to simplify production (i.e. 79”, 79-1/4”, 78-15/16” ) Lock Height A location for the lock bore must be established. The measurement should be taken from the top of the door as the bottom may be trimmed. Hinge Pattern A hinge location must be set to simplify production as it will be the same every time. Measure from the top of the door to the top of the hinge.

78 Standard Production Procedures
Door/Jamb Strike prep Once the lock specifications are set, the jamb can be mortised and bored through correctly. The door can be bored through and face prepped for the lock and latch Door/Jamb Hinge prep The hinge mortise can be made on the jamb and door so that they will be in alignment Door Lite Cut If a doorlite is to be installed, the cutout would be made to the door prior to the door being installed in a frame

79 What to look for Composite Rails Composite Stiles
Full width and interlocking Composite Stiles Full length and interlocking LVL Reinforced Stiles Full length Interlocking Skin

80 What to look for Protection Against the Elements No Rot No Wicking
No Oxidizing Screw holding capabilities 3-Piece Mullion

81 Thank You for Attending!
This concludes the AIA-portion of the learning unit. To find our more about Plastpro please contact your local sales rep or visit us at Stay Connected:


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