1. Volume 116, Issue 4, Pages 1119-1124 (October 1999)
Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgical Non-Rib Spreading Simultaneously Stapled Lobectomy 
Lewis Ralph J. , MD, FCCP, Caccavale Robert J. , MD, FCCP, Bocage Jean-Philippe , MD, FCCP, Widmann Mark D. , MD 
CHEST 
Volume 116, Issue 4, Pages (October 1999)
DOI: /chest
Copyright © 1999 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1 Traditional open thoracotomy access incision
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Copyright © 1999 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
VATS small incisions with scope and instruments inserted into the chest
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4. Figure 3 Ribs are not spread
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Copyright © 1999 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4 Various lobes resected.
CHEST  , DOI: ( /chest )
Copyright © 1999 The American College of Chest Physicians Terms and Conditions