1. LDL cholesterol in CKD—to treat or not to treat?
Ziad A. Massy, Dick de Zeeuw 
Kidney International 
Volume 84, Issue 3, Pages (September 2013)
DOI: /ki
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2. Figure 1
Classical methodological approach. Schematic representation of the classical methodological approach to establish a causality link between biomarker low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and cardiovascular and mortality risk in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients; ‘+’positive effect; ‘−’ negative effect; ‘?’ uncertain effect.
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /ki )
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3. Figure 2
Atherosclerotic events by chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage. Major atherosclerotic events by CKD stage at randomization, as adapted from the Study of Heart and Renal Protection (SHARP) study. No significant heterogeneity between CKD stages 3–5 patients and dialysis patients (P=0.25).
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /ki )
Copyright © 2013 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Reduction in major cardiovascular event rates. Schematic representation of the reduction in major cardiovascular event rates according to the mean difference of serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol achieved between treated and nontreated patient groups in the Study of Heart and Renal Protection (SHARP), Die Deutsche Diabetes Dialysis (4D), and An Assessment of Survival and Cardiovascular Events (AURORA) studies in comparison with those observed in the Cholesterol Treatment Trialists Collaboration meta-analysis.
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /ki )
Copyright © 2013 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions