1. Temporal-spatial characteristics of phase-amplitude coupling in electrocorticogram for human temporal lobe epilepsy 
Ruihua Zhang, Ye Ren, Chunyan Liu, Na Xu, Xiaoli Li, Fengyu Cong, Tapani Ristaniemi, YuPing Wang 
Clinical Neurophysiology 
Volume 128, Issue 9, Pages (September 2017)
DOI: /j.clinph
Copyright © 2017 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
(A) Three-dimensional distribution of the electrode strips of patient A. The electrode strip ① and ② with purple color were implanted in both left (6×1, channel 1–6) and right (6×1, channel 7–12) hippocampi. The electrode strips ③, ④, ⑤, and ⑥ with green color were implanted in the left (8×1, channel 13–20) and right (8×1, channel 21–28) temporal pole and in the left (8×1, channel 29–36) and right (8×1, channel 37–44) temporal base. The blue numbers marked beside the electrode strips denote the channel number on the strips. (B) Planar distribution of all arranged electrode strips of patient A. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
Clinical Neurophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.clinph )
Copyright © 2017 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
(A) Preprocessed ECoG data of channel 38 from patient A during the period from pre-seizure to post-seizure. Two red dotted lines denote the seizure onset time tSO and seizure termination time tST, respectively. The gray rectangles indicate the five selected 10-s seizure epochs, i.e., pre-seizure (I), seizure onset (II), mid-seizure (III), seizure termination (IV), and post-seizure (V). (B) PAC co-modulograms set between the phase of 0.2–10Hz in steps of 0.1Hz and the amplitude of 11–200Hz in steps of 1Hz of five seizure epochs and corresponding box plots of MI values in the co-modulograms between 4–6-Hz and 30–40-Hz oscillations among the five epochs. The notation * indicates significant difference in MI values at p< (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
Clinical Neurophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.clinph )
Copyright © 2017 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Schematic presentation of the phase-amplitude analysis procedures.
Clinical Neurophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.clinph )
Copyright © 2017 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
PAC co-modulograms in five seizure epochs and the corresponding box plots of MI values of one selected channel from total 12 recorded seizures from 7 patients. Frequency for phase (0.2–10Hz in steps of 0.1Hz) and amplitude (11–200Hz in steps of 1Hz) are indicated on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively.
Clinical Neurophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.clinph )
Copyright © 2017 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
(A) PAC co-modulograms in the mid-seizure epoch from all channels of patient A (seizure 2). Frequency for phase (0.2–10Hz in steps of 0.1Hz) and amplitude (11–200Hz in steps of 1Hz) are indicated on the horizontal and vertical axes, respectively. (B) MI values between 4–6Hz and 30–40Hz in the mid-seizure epoch from all channels of patient A (seizure 2). Strong MI channels are marked with white asterisk *.
Clinical Neurophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.clinph )
Copyright © 2017 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology Terms and Conditions

7. Fig. 6
Channels marked with different symbols represent strong MI channels in co-modulogram (*), seizure onset channels identified by the neurosurgeons (#), and the resection channels in the clinical surgery (gray electrode) of all 12 recorded seizures from 7 patients.
Clinical Neurophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.clinph )
Copyright © 2017 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology Terms and Conditions

8. Fig. 7
Time-varying phase-amplitude modulograms during the period from pre-seizure to post-seizure from all channels of patient A (seizure 2). The seizure onset time (tSO) and seizure termination time (tST) are demarcated by black vertical lines in each modulogram.
Clinical Neurophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.clinph )
Copyright © 2017 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology Terms and Conditions

9. Fig. 8
ECoG signals of epileptic cortex (A) and normal cortex (B) in the mid-seizure epoch (left panel) and their corresponding distribution of normalized mean amplitudes of HFO in the low-frequency phase range [−π, π] (right panel).
Clinical Neurophysiology  , DOI: ( /j.clinph )
Copyright © 2017 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology Terms and Conditions