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Effects of Timing of Whey Protein Intake on Appetite and Energy Intake in Healthy Older Men
Caroline Giezenaar, MSc, Zoé Coudert, BSc, Abdul Baqeri, Caroline Jensen, MSc, Trygve Hausken, MD, PhD, Michael Horowitz, MD, PhD, Ian Chapman, MD, PhD, Stijn Soenen, PhD Journal of the American Medical Directors Association Volume 18, Issue 10, Pages 898.e9-898.e13 (October 2017) DOI: /j.jamda Copyright © 2017 AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 1 Mean (± standard error of the mean) ad libitum energy intake (kcal) in older men (n = 16) after drinks (open bars) during a control study day (no protein) and on protein study days with administration of a 30 g whey protein drink 3 (P3), 2 (P2), 1 (P1) hour(s), or immediately before (P0) a buffet meal. The time effect was determined by repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) (P > .05, energy intake). *P = .004 Mean total (preload plus test meal) energy intake protein days compared with control day (ANOVA). Journal of the American Medical Directors Association , 898.e9-898.e13DOI: ( /j.jamda ) Copyright © 2017 AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 2 Mean (±standard error of the mean) visual analogue score rating of hunger, desire to eat, prospective food consumption, fullness, nausea, and bloating in older men (n = 16) during the control study day (black line) and during the protein study days with consumption of a 30 g whey protein drink 3 (P3), 2 (P2), 1 (P1) hour(s), or just before (P0) a buffet meal. The time points of protein administration are indicated with a larger round open marker (○). The time effect was determined by repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) (P > .05, area under the curve for hunger, desire to eat, prospective food consumption, fullness, nausea, and bloating). Journal of the American Medical Directors Association , 898.e9-898.e13DOI: ( /j.jamda ) Copyright © 2017 AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine Terms and Conditions
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