1. Characteristics of Life

2. Section 1.1 What is Biology?

3. Biology
The study of Life
Bio logy (greek)
Life
Study of

4. Characteristics of Living Things
Biologists have formulated a list of characteristics by which we can recognize living things

5. What Does it Mean to Be Alive?
The Characteristics of Life

6. All living things share some basic properties.
Life!!!
All living things share some basic properties.
Cellular Organization
Reproduction
Metabolism (Obtain and Use Energy)
Homeostasis
Heredity
Responsiveness
Growth and Development
Adapt Through Evolution

7. Unicellular Organisms
All Living Things are Made Up of Cells
Cells are basic structural units of life. Smallest unit capable of all life functions. Cells are the building blocks of all organisms = living things.
Two types of cells are:
Unicellular Organisms
Multicellular Organisms
The organism is made up of many cells
Cells have specialized functions within the organism
Entire organism is made up of one single cell
Bacteria and protists

8. Cells

9. UniCellular

10. MultiCellular

11. Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction
All Living Things Reproduce
Reproduction is the process of producing new organisms of the same type Two types of reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
Two different parent organisms contribute genetic information
Involves the combination of male and female sex cells
A single parent organism reproducing by itself

12. Asexual

13. Sexual: a new genetic combination

14. All Living Things Obtain and Use Energy
Living organisms need energy to grow, develop, repair damage, and reproduce

15. Anabolism
The process of building up complex substances from simpler substances
Building up cells and cellular components
Photosynthesis

16. Catabolism
The process of breaking down complex substances into simpler substances to release energy
Digestion
Cellular Respiration

17. Metabolism The total of all chemical reactions in an organism
Anabolism + Catabolism = Metabolism

18. A stable state of conditions in the body that are necessary for life
All Organisms Maintain Homeostasis
A stable state of conditions in the body that are necessary for life
Body temperature
Blood volume
pH balance
Water balance

19. Stable Interior

20. Even though exterior conditions are changing

21. Genes carry hereditary information Genes are composed of DNA
All Organisms Pass Along Hereditary Traits
Genes carry hereditary information
Genes are composed of DNA
Heredity is the reason children resemble their parents
Mutations change DNA code and can be passed from generation to generation

22. An example is a plant’s leaves and stems growing toward light
All Living Things Respond to Their Environment
An example is a plant’s leaves and stems growing toward light
Organisms react to stimuli:
Light
Temperature
Odor
Sound
Gravity
Heat
Water
Pressure

23. Growth means to get bigger in size
All Living Things Grow
Growth means to get bigger in size

24. All Living Things Develop
Development involves a change in the physical form or physiological make-up of an organism
- An example would be how a frog is conceived and born.
- A frog begins as a single cell in a fertilized egg and then grows into a tadpole and eventually into a fully grown frog.

25. Development

26. All Living Things Adapt to Their
Environment Through Evolution
Adaptation
A process that enables organisms to become better suited to their environment
Species obtain adaptations through evolution over great periods of time

27. An Example of Adaptation
Desert plants have succulent waxy leaves and stems to store water and reduce water loss

28. Living things adapt and evolve

29. Resources
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