1. Copyright © American Speech-Language-Hearing Association
From: Multiple Factors Are Involved in the Dysarthria Associated With Parkinson's Disease: A Review With Implications for Clinical Practice and Research
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2014;57(4): doi: /2014_JSLHR-S
Legend:
A schematic representation of contributing factors to the development of hypokinetic dysarthria in individuals with Parkinson's disease. These factors include (from left to right) underscaling and decay of movement amplitude, underscaling and decay of vocal effort, deficits in internal cueing, difficulty in initiation of speech movements, impaired preprogramming of speech movements, deficits in sensory processing and self-perception of vocal output, abnormal temporal processing and speech rhythm, impaired automaticity, reduced emotive prosody, and impaired vocal vigilance (attention to action).
Date of download: 10/8/2017
Copyright © American Speech-Language-Hearing Association