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Cytokine network in congestive heart failure secondary to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy Pål Aukrust, MD, PhD, Thor Ueland, Egil Lien, PhD, Klaus Bendtzen, MD, PhD, Fredrik Müller, MD, PhD, Arne K Andreassen, MD, PhD, Ingvild Nordøy, MD, Halfdan Aass, MD, PhD, Terje Espevik, PhD, Svein Simonsen, MD, PhD, Stig S Frøland, MD, PhD, Lars Gullestad, MD, PhD American Journal of Cardiology Volume 83, Issue 3, Pages (February 1999) DOI: /S (98)
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Figure 1 Plasma levels of TNFα (A), soluble p55-TNF receptor (TNFR) (B), and soluble p75-TNFR (C) in 38 patients with congestive heart failure and 21 healthy controls as a function of severity of symptoms according to New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class (class II, n = 11; class III, n = 16; class IV, n = 11). ∗p <0.05 versus controls; ∗∗∗p <0.001 versus controls; §p <0.05 versus NYHA class III, #p <0.05 versus NYHA class II; ##p <0.01 versus NYHA class II. Data are given as medians and 25th to 75th percentiles. The Kruskal-Wallis test results when comparing all 4 groups of subjects were: TNFα, p <0.001; soluble p55-TNFR, p <0.001; soluble p75-TNFR, p <0.001. American Journal of Cardiology , DOI: ( /S (98) )
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Figure 2 Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6 (A), soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) (B), and soluble gp130 (C) in 38 patients with congestive heart failure and 21 healthy controls as a function of severity of symptoms according to New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class (class II, n = 11; class III, n = 16; class IV, n = 11). ∗∗∗p <0.001 versus controls; §p <0.05 versus NYHA class III; #p <0.05 versus NYHA class II; ##p <0.01 versus NYHA class II. Data are given as medians and 25th to 75th percentiles. The Kruskal-Wallis test results when comparing all 4 groups of subjects were: IL-6, p <0.001; sIL-6R, p = 0.13; soluble gp130, p <0.001. American Journal of Cardiology , DOI: ( /S (98) )
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Figure 3 Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-1β (A), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) (B), soluble IL-1 receptor type I (sIL-1RI) (C), and soluble IL-1 receptor type II (sIL-1RII) (D) in 38 patients with congestive heart failure and 21 healthy controls as a function of severity of symptoms according to New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class (class II, n = 11; class III, n = 16; class IV, n = 11). ∗p <0.05 versus controls; ∗∗p <0.01 versus controls; ∗∗∗p <0.001 versus controls. Data are given as medians and 25th to 75th percentiles. The Kruskal-Wallis test results when comparing all 4 groups of subjects were: IL-1β, p = 0.07; IL-1Ra, p <0.05; sIL-RI, p <0.01; sIL-RII, p <0.05. American Journal of Cardiology , DOI: ( /S (98) )
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Figure 4 Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-10 (A), the molar balance between tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and IL-10 defined as TNFα (pmol/L)/IL-10 (pmol/L) (B), and serum levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)β1 (C) in 38 patients with congestive heart failure and 21 healthy controls as a function of severity of symptoms according to New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class (class II, n = 11; class III, n = 16; class IV, n = 11). ∗p <0.05 versus controls; ∗∗p <0.01 versus controls; ∗∗∗p <0.001 versus controls. Data are given as medians and 25th to 75th percentiles. The Kruskal-Wallis test results when comparing all 4 groups of subjects were: IL-10, p <0.001; TNFα/IL-10 ratio, p <0.01; TGFβ1, p <0.01. American Journal of Cardiology , DOI: ( /S (98) )
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