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Matterwave interferometry beyond classical limits Synthetic Quantum Systems / Kirchhoff Institut für Physik / Heidelberg University www.matterwave.de
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How does an apple drop? Precision limits: size of apple Precision of the ruler Precision of time Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
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apple atom precision limit: size of the apple precision limit: size of the atom? How does an apple drop? Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
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quantum mechanics 1924 De Broglie a particle h = 0. 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 662 606 Js m = 0. 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 1 kg wavelength is smaller than the atom size ! Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
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quantum mechanics interference smaller than the size of the atom wavelength Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
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quantum mechanics interference position probability Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
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Steven Chu/Nobel Preis 1997 quantum mechanics interference – classical limit 3 10 -7 g
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Verlust von Kontrolle: Zitat Einstein : Gott würfelt nicht! Wie kann man mit einer Beschreibung die nur alles scheints zufällig macht etwas verbessern h=0. 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 662 606 Js Steven Chu/Nobel Preis 1997 Quantum mechanics Interference – classical limit why is this point not on the line? number of atoms
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position probability quantum mechanics interference – classical limit position is only know within an uncertainty, due to final number of particles statistics N Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de classical precision limit
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Bose Einstein condensation Many particle quantum physics Cornell Ketterle Wieman Nobel price 2001 300°K 0.000 001°K 0.000 000 01°K atoms are like apples/balls wave nature becomes important all atoms are in lock step Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
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surface of the sun room temperature liquid Helium laser cooling Doppler limit recoil limit temperature [K] Bose Einstein condensation the experimental steps www.colorado.edu/physics/2000/bec/
![surface of the sun room temperature liquid Helium laser cooling Doppler limit recoil limit temperature [K] Bose Einstein condensation the experimental steps](http://images.slideplayer.com/3/1274227/slides/slide_11.jpg "surface of the sun room temperature liquid Helium laser cooling Doppler limit recoil limit temperature [K] Bose Einstein condensation the experimental steps")
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surface of the sun room temperature liquid Helium laser cooling Doppler limit recoil limit temperature [K] Cornell, Ketterle, Wieman Nobel price 2001 Bethe Nobel price 1967 William F. Giauque Nobel price 1949 Lee,Osherov, Richardson Nobel price 1996 Chu,Cohen-Tannoudji, Phillips Nobel price 1997 Kamerlingh Onnes Nobel price 1913 Abrikosov, Ginzburg, Leggett Nobel price 2003 Kapitsa, Penzias, Wilson Nobel price 1978 Bednorz,Müller Nobel price 1987 temperature scale or....
![surface of the sun room temperature liquid Helium laser cooling Doppler limit recoil limit temperature [K] Cornell, Ketterle, Wieman Nobel price 2001 Bethe Nobel price 1967 William F.](http://images.slideplayer.com/3/1274227/slides/slide_12.jpg "Giauque Nobel price 1949 Lee,Osherov, Richardson Nobel price 1996 Chu,Cohen-Tannoudji, Phillips Nobel price 1997 Kamerlingh Onnes Nobel price 1913 Abrikosov, Ginzburg, Leggett Nobel price 2003 Kapitsa, Penzias, Wilson Nobel price 1978 Bednorz,Müller Nobel price 1987 temperature scale or.....")
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in real life ? combine low with high-tech 2004 2011 2004 2011 2008 2004 2011 µ Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
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many particle interference overlapping condensates Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
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many independent particles what is different to Chus experiment Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
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precision is gained by repetition what do many experiments give N Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
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T=0 N condensed particles is different to N independent particles Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
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fluctuations of particle number squeezed matterwaves statistics Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
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fluctuations of particle number squeezed matterwaves position propability Mach-Zehnder interferometer Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
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fluctuations of particle number squeezed matterwaves position propability Mach-Zehnder interferometer Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
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precision beyond the classical limit many particle quantum physics Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
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quantum metrology sensors beyond tomorrow 1 minute witin the age of the universe classical precision limit Nature 455, 1216 (2008) Nature 464, 1165 (2010) Synthetic Quantum Systems / Markus Oberthaler www.matterwave.de
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