1. 91st INDIAN SCIENCE CONGRESS
“NEW DIMENSIONS OF OPPORTUNITIES FOR OUR NATION”
EVENING LECTURE BY
Dr. APJ ABDUL KALAM AT
91st INDIAN SCIENCE CONGRESS
CHANDIGARH, INDIA
05 JANUARY 2004
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

2. EMERGING INDIA DEVELOPED INDIA PROSPERITY 19th CENTURY 20th CENTURY
SECOND VISION:
DEVELOPED INDIA
SELF SUFFICIENCY IN FOOD
IMPROVED STANDARD OF LIVING
PROSPERITY
FIRST VISION:
INDEPENDENT INDIA
ECONOMIC GROWTH >10 % GDP
NEAR ZERO POVERTY LEVEL
NEAR 100 % LITERACY
SELF RELIANCE IN CRITICAL SECTORS
INDEPENDENT INDIA
1.7  Vision for the nation
We got freedom in 1947, that was the result of first vision for the nation. This vision created best of leaders in many fields like politics, philosophy, science & technology and industry. In many aspects of life, improvement in literacy, agricultural products, strategic areas, certain small and large-scale industries took place. Now more than fifty years have gone by and we are called as one of the hundreds of developing countries, in a distinct way a separation from G-8 countries. We have many challenges. Nearly 300 million people who are below the poverty line have to join the mainstream of a good life. 100% literacy, health for all, multiple industrial and agricultural productivity and life style with value system has to emerge
FIRST
INDEPENDENCE
MOVEMENT
1857
1947
1997
2020
19th CENTURY
20th CENTURY
21st CENTURY

3. INDIA’S POSITION IN THE WORLD ECONOMIC SCENARIO
GDP GROWTH RATE 10
8.4
3.5
1.5
1.3
INDIA CHINA USA GERMANY JAPAN
FE RESERVE >100 BILLION $

4. INTEGRATED ACTIONS FOR DEVELOPED INDIA
Crucial for all sectors
River Networking
PURA
Food Security
Key to Employability
Infrastructure including Electric Power
Agriculture & Agro-Food Processing
Happy
& Healthy Society, Economic Strength and National
Security
Social
Security
Employment & Value addition
Population control
Nutritional Security
Export Earnings
Massive Employment
Reaching the whole nation
Education & Health Care
Information and Communication Technology
Critical Technologies & Strategic Industries
I M P A C T
~ 0%
26%
People below Poverty line
>10%
>5%
GDP
Growth rate
Towards 2020
Present
Indicators
Economic Security
Technology Strengths
Self Reliance
Science & Technology
is the KEY

5. GREEN REVOLUTION - II SECOND FIRST IRS-1 RP-5 Bihar 1960-70 2004-2020
SOIL CHARACTERISATION
SEED
MATCHING THE SEED
FERTILISERS
FERTILISER MANAGEMENT
(Organic Farming)
WATER MANAGEMENT
WATER MANAGEMENT
Drip irrigation: Halving water
Consumption
TRAINING FARMERS
IRS-1
TRAINING
CULTIVATION MANAGEMENT
CULTIVATION
POST HARVESTING (SILOS)
HARVEST & POST HARVEST
OUTPUT = 400 MT GRAINS
OUTPUT = GRAIN (200 MILLION TONNES)
FOOD PROCESSING ( Value Addition )
RP-5 Bihar
MARKETING

6. INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION
HEALTH CARE VISION 2020
CORE TECHNOLOGIES
YEAR 2020
NUTRITIONAL SECURITY
HYGIENE AND SANITATION
HEALTH FOR ALL
CUSTOMIZED MEDICARE
GLOBAL HUB OF HOSPITALS
DISEASES
HIV / AIDS TB
WATER BORNE DISEASES
CANCER
OPTHALMIC
NERVOUS DISORDER
CARDIO VASCULAR
2004
VACCINES
USE OF NATURAL
PRODUCTS
(BIODIVERSITY)
GENOMICS
STEM CELLS
BIO SENSORS
RAPID DIAGNOSTICS
ROBO SURGERY
BIO INFORMATICS
PHARMA INDUSTRY
Sales: US$ 75 bn
FIRST IN VOLUME & VALUE
PHARMA INDUSTRY
Sales: US$ 7.1 bn
4TH IN VOLUME & TH IN VALUE
INFRASTRUCTURE FOR
INDIGENOUS PRODUCTION
OF EQUIPMENT & DEVICES

7. FOCUSED AREAS OF RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
Gene Therapy
Genetic Modifiers
Drugs designed for individuals
Nano medicine
Develop a living cell
DNA repair
Stem Cells
Drug delivery Nano robots
Tissue culture (Liver, Kidney etc.)
BIO-CHIP
Edible vaccine
Nano injector
DNA Repair Machine
Medical Nano bots
Artery cleaner
Drug delivery system - Nano Robots

8. STEM CELLS RESTORATION OF VISION TREATMENT OF DIABETES, CANCER,
Brain
Liver
Skeletal muscle
Bone
Bone marrow
CNS stem cells
Blood cell
Blood vessel
Bone marrow stromal cell
Epithelial cell
Fat cell
Cardiac muscle
Glial cell
Neuron
PETRI DISH
UNSPECIALISED CELLS RENEW THEMSELVES THROUGH CELL DIVISIONS
UNDER SPL. CONDITIONS, CELLS CAN BE INDUCED FOR SPECIAL FUNCTIONS
BLASTOCYST
EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS
ADULT STEM CELLS
REPAIR OF DAMAGED HEART MUSCLE
RESTORATION OF VISION
TREATMENT OF DIABETES, CANCER,
PARKINSON’S DISEASE & MENTALLY
CHALLENGED
HARDENED HEART
MUSCLE
RETINAL DAMAGE,
GLAUCOMA

9. India’s Energy need 2003 2020 108 GW 300 GW
108 GW GW

10. WATER FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS
2004
Source : TWAS
S O L U T I O N S
REGIONAL
LOCAL
REDISTRIBUTE
WATER
CREATE NEW
SOURCES
ECONOMIZE
RECYCLE
NETWORK
RIVERS
SEAWATER DESALINATION
USING SOLAR ENERGY
DEDICATED SATELLITE CONSTELLATION RLVs, SSP, SWRO PLANTS
RAINWATER
HARVESTING

11. Interlinking of Rivers Technologies meet to make the rivers meet
Increased Cultivation Land (25%)
Increased Power Generation (35GW)
Flood & Draught Control
Drinking Water Availability
Employment Potential in the above areas
Environmental Improvements (15%)
Integration of nation
Interlinking of Brahmaputra-Mahanadi-Godavari-Krishna-Cauvery rivers Interlinking of west flowing rivers, north of Bombay and south of Tapi. Interlinking of Ken- Chambal Rivers. Diversion of other west flowing rivers.

12. PROGRAMME FOR URBAN AMENITIES IN RURAL AREAS : PURA
Bus
Physical Connectivity
Enables movement of people and goods
Improves access to schools and health care centers
Reduces investment in distribution of power, water and communication network
Transport
Fuelling Station
Ring Road
Rail connectivity
Public infrastructure
Railway Network
School
Primary Health Centres
Power
To Nearest City

13. PURA – Electronic Connectivity Public Call Office - PCO
Establishing Electronic connectivity – through broadband/Fiber/Satellite/Wireless/Leased Line
Tele-Education
Tele-Medicine
Satellite link
Wireless connectivity
Fiber connectivity
Public Call Offices (STD/ISD/ISDN)
Leased Line Connectivity
A Nodal Village
- PURA Village City
Village Internet Kiosks
e-Government Access
e-Market Access
Tele-Training on Farming
e-Banking
ATM Centers
For Villagers / Farmers
Public Call Office - PCO

14. PURA – Knowledge Connectivity
Knowledge oriented approach to knowledge enable Village life
Tele-Education
Tele-Medicine
Proactive Health Care
Educate Students/Farmers/workers
Schools /Hospitals
Vocational Training
Knowledge Training
IRS Imagery for
- Land & Crop Mgmt
- Water Mgmt
- Forest Mgmt
- Environment
Proactive Health care
Coop. Product Mktg.
IRS Imagery
Bio-Solids Recycling
Water/Forest/Environment Management
Land/Crop Management

15. Economic Connectivity
PURA
Bus
Solar power
Economic Connectivity
Small Scale Industries
Agro Industries
Ware House
Micro Power plants
Renewable energies
Village Markets
Entrepreneurship
Employment Opportunities
Value System –
Economic Strength
Women Empowerment
Urban Decongestion
Improved Quality of
Life
Increased purchase
power
warehouse
Wind power
Biogas
Agro Industry
Power
To Nearest City
Transport

16. PURA – A Technological Challenge for Sustainable Rural Development
Telecom
Internet
e-Governance
Tele-medicine
Tele-education
Ring Road
Rail
Public Infrastructure
Mobile clinic
PHYSICAL CONNECTIVITY
ECONOMIC CONNECTIVITY
PURA
Warehouse
Agro Industries
Markets
Hospital
Micro Power plant
ELECTRONIC CONNECTIVITY
KNOWLEDGE CONNECTIVITY
Enlightened Citizenship
Moral Leadership
Schools / Hospitals
IRS Imagery for
- Land & Crop Mgmt.
- Water Mgmt.
- Forest Mgmt.
- Environment
Proactive Health care
Coop. Product Mktg.
JOINT PRIVATE – PUBLIC EMPOWERED BODIES
10-15 Village Clusters
100 Crore investment
Business Proposition
Employment for 3000 persons
Beneficiaries: 30,000 people

17. IT MARKET TREND & NEEDS Projections for a Developed India
Indian MNC
Hardware- Chip Designers of the world
Educators of the world
Entertainment
E-Governance –Strong Domestic Market
Wireless
Scientific Software
Information Security
CURRENT 1 8 80
150
2010
US$ Billions
Domestic Market (H/w, S/w)
IT Exports (H/w, S/w)
Projections for a
Developed India
IT MARKET TREND & NEEDS
US $ 150 Billion

18. KNOWLEDGE POWERED SOCIETY
WEALTH GENERATION
SOCIETAL TRANSFORMATION
Employment Gen.
High Productivity
High Indl. Growth
Empowerment of Weaker Sections
Networked and Transparent Society
Rural Prosperity
Tele Education
Tele Medicine
E-Governance
Native Knowledge Products
Environment & Ecology
Agriculture Productivity
Knowledge based Systems & Products
NATION’S SECURITY
Intelligent & Autonomous Weapons
Knowledge Sensors
S/w dominated High Tech. products
Info Warfare
Dominant Battlefield Knowledge
TECHNOLOGY
IT & Commn.
Biotechnology
Aerospace Tech.
Smart Materials
Ocean
Related to Service Sector

21. POSSIBLE AEROSPACE MISSIONS(2030 – 2103)
WITH MULTI NATIONAL PARTNERSHIP
UNMANNED COMBAT AIR VEHICLE
SOLAR POWER SATELLITE
SPACE COLONY
SPACE COLONY AT LIBERATION POINT
SPACE TOURISM
INTER PLANETORY TRAVEL
EXPLORE LIVING ORGANISMS AND ESTABLISH HABITAT IN PLANETS IN OTHER SOLAR SYSTEMS
3rd GEN. REUSABLE LAUNCH VEHICLES
HYPERPLANE
2ND GEN. HYPERSONIC VEHICLE
MINING IN PLANETS
2030
2050
2103

22. Development & Leadership-Connectivity
Developed India
Economic Strength, Competitiveness, Knowledge Power & Technology
Return on Investment, Revenues, Scalability & Deploy ability, Quality & Value
Employee Productivity, Loyalty & Satisfaction, Working Environment
Effective Governance & Empowered Management
Creative Leadership
“Creative leadership is exercising the vision to change the traditional roles
from commander to coach,
from manager to mentor,
from director to delegator
and from one who demands respect to one who facilitates self respect.”

23. INDIAMILLENNIUM VISION, MISSION & GOALS MISSION PROJECTS
DESIRED GOALS
CORE STRENGTHS
TECHNOLOGY GENERATORS
TECHNOLOGY VISION 2020
NATURAL RESOURCES
Vast Coastline
Minerals
Biodiversity
Food, Health & Social Security
MISSION PROJECTS
Value Addition
C I V I L I S A T I O N A L H E R I TA G E
DEVELOPED
INDIA 2020
INDIAMILLENNIUM
Economic
Prosperity
HUMAN RESOURCES
Traditional Knowledge
Knowledge Intensive Org.
Services
1.10 Vision, Mission & Goals
We have so far considered the profile of knowledge society, multiple components and system integration. It emerged from the deliberations of the task force that the core strengths of the nation have to be coupled to the desired goals. The nation’s strengths predominantly reside in its natural and human resources. In natural resources, India is endowed with a vast coast-line with marine resources and also oil wealth. In minerals, apart from conventional material resources, it is well-known that India has the largest deposits of titanium, beryllium and tungsten. India ranks among the top few nations having a rich bio-diversity. Particularly, in the herbal area there are potential applications for developing multiple products for nutrition, prevention and cure of diseases. Of the global herbal product market of US$ 61 billion, China has a share of around US $ 3 billion, whereas India’s share is not even US $ 100 million. Hence, there is tremendous opportunity for growth in this area. India has similar potential for promoting floriculture and aquaculture in a big way. Knowledge-based value addition for these natural resources would mean exporting value-added products rather than merely the raw materials. Use of IT for commercialisation and marketing can increase our outreach and speed enormously. Ancient knowledge is a unique resource of India for it has the treasure of a minimum of 5000 years of civilisation. It is essential to leverage this wealth for national well being as well as to seek global presence for the nation.
Human resources, particularly with large young population, are unique core strength of the nation. This resource can be transformed through various educational and training programmes. Skilled, unskilled and creative manpower can be transformed into wealth generators particularly in the service sectors, agro industries etc. Knowledge-intensive industries can be generated out of our existing industries by injecting demand for high-level software/hardware, which would bring tremendous value addition. It is said, “the precious asset for a company or a country is the skill, ingenuity and imagination of its people. With globalisation, this will become more important because everybody will have access to world class technology and the key distinguishing feature will be the ability of people in different countries to use their imagination to make the best use of the technology”. Indeed development and innovative use of multiple technologies with transparent management structure and coupled with IT, will catapult India into a knowledge super power
KNOWLEDGE GENERATORS
RIGHTFUL PLACE IN THE WORLD
SELF RELIANCE MISSION
Defence
& Internal
Security