1. Bell-Ringer Mapping: (pick up packet)
Use page 267 in the academic textbook Label all of the essential places on the map
Draw a line through middle separating Rome in the east and west (pg. 161) and label Constantinople with a star
Think-Pair-share with somebody done near you (stay seated): Is this map similar or different to your Rome map? Why do you think that is? How is Constantinople a perfect crossroads for trade? Would the geography be good or bad politically?
Page 166 (1-4) read the connect history and geo.

2. The Byzantine Empire
The capital of the Eastern Roman empire was changed to Byzantium to provide political, economic and military advantages. It was then renamed Constantinople by Constantine.

3. What military advantages do you see with this location?
Constantinople

4. Location of Constantinople
Protection of the eastern frontier
Distance from Germanic invasions in the Western Empire
Crossroads of trade
Easily fortified site on a peninsula bordered by natural harbors

5. Its location was a crossroads for trade connecting Europe with Asia and the Black Sea with the Mediterranean Sea.

6. Role of Constantinople
Seat of the Byzantine Empire until Ottoman (Muslim) conquest
Preserved classical Greco-Roman culture
Center of trade
Istanbul Market

7. Greco-Roman Traditions
Byzantine families continued to educate their children in Roman and Greek grammar and literature through monasteries and private tutors, preserving Greco-Roman culture. Meanwhile, in the west, Rome had been conquered by Germanic tribes that had no written language. As civilization declined in the west, it continued to flourish as the New Rome in Constantinople.

8. Justinian came to power in 527 AD as an absolute ruler
As the first to codify Roman law, Justinian provided the basis for the law codes of Western Europe. Became known as Justinian’s Code.
Under Justinian, the Byzantine Empire reached its height in culture and prosperity.
Reconquest of former Roman territories in an effort to restore New Rome to earlier glory
Expansion of trade

9. Greek Orthodox Christianity and imperial patronage enabled the Byzantine Empire to develop a unique style of art and architecture. Greek and Roman traditions were preserved in the Byzantine Empire.
What is imperial patronage? It means that the emperor supported and paid for beautiful pieces of art and the construction of buildings.

10. The Byzantines used domes and columns in their architecture
The Byzantines used domes and columns in their architecture. Christianity was the theme of Byzantine art and mosaics were used to show religious ceremonies.

12. Mosaic of Constantine looking over his city

13. Byzantine Art and Architecture
Inspiration provided by Christian religion and imperial power
Icons (religious images)
Mosaics in public and religions structures
Hagia Sophia (a Byzantine domed
church)
Can you think of 5 adjectives to
describe this artwork?
Icon

14. Hagia Sophia
What elements of Roman Architecture do you see?

16. Byzantine Culture
Continued flourishing of Greco-Roman traditions
Greek language (as contrasted with Latin in the West)
Greek Orthodox Christianity
Greek and Roman knowledge preserved in Byzantine libraries

17. Basilica Cistern

18. Valens Aqueduct

19. Eastern Orthodox Roman Catholic
The cultural and political differences between the eastern (Byzantine) and western Roman Empires weakened the unity of the Christian Church and led to its division in 1054.
Western Church
Centered in Rome
Farther from the seat of
power after Constantinople
Became the capital
Use of Latin Language in liturgy
Authority of the Pope accepted
Practices such as celibacy accepted
Eastern Church
Centered in Constantinople
Close to the seat of power after
Constantinople became capital
Use of Greek language in the liturgy
Authority of the Patriarch accepted
Icons prohibited – Iconoclasts destroyed
images
Eastern Orthodox
Roman Catholic

20. Byzantine civilization influenced Russian and Eastern European
civilizations through
its religion, culture
and trade.
Why?
Kievan Rus around 1050 CE

21. Traders from Kiev (present day Ukraine) traveled down the Dnieper River to trade in the city of Constantinople. These traders were Vikings and Slavs (people of the region north of the Black Sea). The word “Slave” comes from Slav as many were sold in Constantinople as slaves. Kiev would be one of Russia’s earliest civilizations

22. Dnieper
River
Constantinople
which is
Istanbul today

23. Influence of Byzantine Culture on Eastern Europe and Russia
Trade routes between the Black Sea and Baltic Sea
Adoption of Orthodox Christianity by Russia and much of Eastern Europe
Adoption of Greek alphabet for the Slavic languages by St. Cyril (Cyrillic Alphabet)
Church architecture and religious art

24. Baltic and Black Sea Trade Routes

25. Cyril and his brother Methodius
developed a new alphabet while trying to teach the Bible to the Slavs. The Slavs had no written language so Cyril and Methodius worked to give them an alphabet. The Cyrillic alphabet is still used today.

26. The Cyrillic Alphabet

27. The use of Domes
in church architecture
was adopted from
the Byzantines and
were modified –
Russian domes are
onion-shaped.

28. Loose leaf paper write this down: Name date
Rome and Byzantine Notes Packet Quiz 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

29. HISTORICAL HEAD: Justinian
Your Task: Please fill in the “brain” of Emperor Justinian with his thoughts, ideas, visions, and important contributions. You must include at least SEVEN images. Number each image and, on the back of this sheet, write a statement that identifies and explains each image. You must include codification of Roman law, reconquest of Roman territories, the expansion of trade, and the Hagia Sophia. Make sure your written and verbal comments and images are appropriate and rated “G” for general audience!