1. Anti-thymocyte Globulin (Equine)
Drugbank ID : DB09312
Half life : 5.7 ± 3.0 days. The range for half-life was 1.5 to 13 days.
Description :
Equine anti-thymocyte globulin is composed of purified gamma globulin containing primarily IgG against human thymus lymphocytes. It is formed by inoculating a horse with an antigen (human thymoyctes) which then induces the horse immune system's B-lymphocytes to produce IgG immunoglobulins specific for that antigen. The result is polyclonal IgG that is then purified from the horse's serum to produce a usable drug product that can be used for immunosuppression.
Although the exact mechanism of action is unknown, equine anti-thymocyte globulin targets a variety of immune system proteins including lymphocyte surface proteins, granulocytes, platelets, bone marrow cells, and other cell types. Equine ATG is currently indicated for the suppression of the immune system to prevent renal transplant rejection and in the treatment of aplastic anemia. Induction of T cell apoptosis and resulting T-cell lymphopenia found in vivo is credited for its therapeutic effect in these conditions. There are currently various ATG products available, which differ in the source of inoculated animal (rabbit, horse, or pig) and in the type of antigen product used to produce immunoglobulin (thymocytes, peripheral T cells, etc.).

2. Indication :
For prevention of renal transplant rejection and for the treatment of aplastic anemia.
Volume of distribution :
During infusion of 10 to 15 mg/kg/day, the mean peak value (n = 27 renal transplant patients) was found to be 727 ± 310 μg/mL.
Clearance :
50 mg/mL

3. Categories : Antibody
Brands : ATGAM
Formulation : Each milliliter of ATGAM contains 50 mg of horse gamma globulin stabilized in 0.3 molar glycine to a pH of approximately 6.8.
Form : Solid
Route of administration : Intravenous

4. Dosage : The recommended dose is 10 to 15 mg/kg daily intravenously for 14 days for Renal transplant rejection. The recommended dose is 10 to 20 mg/kg daily intravenously for 8 to 14 days in case of Aplastic Anemia Contraindication : systemic reaction (e.g., anaphylactic reaction) during prior administration of ATGAM or any other equine gamma globulin preparation Side effects : The most clinically significant adverse reactions are anaphylaxis, infection, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, arthralgia, edema, bradycardia, and abnormal renal and liver function tests.