1. Make a list of what you already know about the Holocaust
Warm-Up
Make a list of what you already know about the Holocaust
Share with a partner

2. Class List

3. Why do we learn about it? Why is it important?
The Holocaust stands as a warning of what can happen when leaders of a country are motivated by hate, and use that hate to supply simplistic answers to the problems of their country.
Objectives
Understand the causes and people responsible
Understand the results / outcome to the Holocaust

4. The Holocaust Majority of information presented from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
In the last months of the European war – Allied forces uncovered horrors

5. Fill in the graphic organizer as you take notes

6. WHY Hitler and the Nazi’s believed. . .
The Aryan race was the strongest and inferior races needed to be eliminated because they aren’t people.
Hitler built on and used anti-Semitic ideas that already existed - his hatred of Jews cannot be tied down to a specific event in his life.
‘scapegoat’ - Hitler and the Nazis said the Jews were responsible for problems like losing World War I and the Great Depression. The solution to the problems of Germany was to banish Jews from society – this will make Germany a powerful country.
Nazi philosophy and anti-Jewish propaganda permeated all aspects of life in Nazi Germany.

7. WHAT
The systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators.
Genocide - willful annihilation of a racial, religious, or political group –first termed in 40’s.

8. WHO People Responsible Adolf Hitler Nazi party German Government
SS (“brown Shirts”)
Ordinary people
Victims
Jews (anyone with 3 or more Jewish ancestors)
Gypsies (Roma)
People with disabilities
Poles
Soviet prisoners of war
Black Germans T
Jehovah’s Witnesses
Homosexuals
Asocials

10. Red - political prisoners: communists, unionists
Green - "professional criminals " / convicts, parolees*
Blue - foreign forced laborers, emigrants
Purple – Jehovah’s Witnesses
Pink - sexual offenders & homosexual men*
Black – “A Social” and “work shy” = mentally retarded, mentally ill, homeless, alcoholic, Pacifists, Conscription resisters, prostitutes, drug addicts Brown = gypsies (Roma)- previously wore black triangle
Un-inverted red triangle = POW’s and deserters
* convicted in criminal court – may have gone to prison after liberation
Yellow = Jewish
In addition to color-coding, some groups had to put letter insignia on their triangles to denote country of origin. (P=Poland, B=Belgium, F=France)
Repeat offenders – received bars over triangles.
Many various markings and combinations existed. A prisoner would usually have at least two, and possibly more than six.

11. With a partner, share what you wrote for who, what and why
As a table group (of 4) compare your answers
Create a whole class version

12. WHEN

13. 400+ anti-Jewish regulations in Hitler’s first six years.
1,500 synagogues
7,500 Jewish-owned businesses
200 deaths
600 injured
thousands arrested
400+ anti-Jewish regulations in Hitler’s first six years.
Nuremberg Laws
anti-Semitic laws passed that limited or took away rights
“Laws for the Protection of German Blood & German Honour”

14. How Nuremberg Laws
Deported to Poland
Forced to ghettos
Concentration camps
Nazis boycott Jewish businesses
Jews can no longer vote
Curfews
Turn in radios
Wear yellow stars
May not leave homes
No use of public phones
Jewish newspapers can no longer be sold
1933
1934
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1935
Carry ID cards
Passports marked with a J
No longer can lead businesses, attend plays, concerts
Separate schools
No driving
Certain places at certain times
Businesses shut down
Jews are denied citizenship and other basic rights
No longer allowed to –
Get newspapers
Have pets
Have typewriters
Own bikes
Buy meat or eggs
Use bus or train
Attend school
Jews can not marry or have relations with non-Jews

15. How
US and British meet to discuss war refugees but do not come up with any answers. Roosevelt establishes the War Refuge Board worked with the Red Cross to save thousands of Jews in Eastern Europe. Was it too late? 4/5th of the Jews who would die were already dead by 1944.
Could / should we have bombed railroad lines? Keep with strategy of defeating Hitler?
Underestimation of Hitler’s plans
- Concerned about own problems (depression)
- Not another war
Appeasement
Believing a lie perpetuated by a reliable source
Failure of other countries to relax immigration

16. WHERE Ghetto Concentration camps
Germans isolated and controlled the Jewish population through segregation and forced them to live under miserable conditions.
Three types – closed, open and destruction (Nazi’s in Berlin).
Warsaw ghetto in Poland was the largest - 400,000 Jews were crowded into an area of 1.3 square miles.
Daily life in the ghettos was administered by
Nazi-appointed Jewish councils (Judenraete).
Concentration camps
,000 camps for forced-labor, transit and extermination
place where people are held, usually under harsh conditions, without regard to legal norms that are true in a constitutional democracy
built to imprison and eliminate "enemies of the state.“
Death by starvation & disease

17. The Camps Doctors performed medical experiments on prisoners
Gas chambers constructed to increase killing efficiency and to make the process more impersonal for the perpetrators. (Auschwitz reportedly gassed 6,000 Jews each day.)
Carbon Monoxide or Insectiside in showers
Almost all of the deportees who arrived at the camps were sent immediately to death in the gas chambers (with the exception of very small numbers chosen for special work team) On
-twins
-pregnant women
For
-Aryan Race
-military injured

21. With a partner, share what you wrote for when, how, where
As a table group (of 4) compare your answers
Create a whole class version

22. Rescue & Liberation
Enormity of Nazi crime became real only when soldiers began to liberate camps.
Soldiers hardened by war were still ill prepared
Piles of dead bodies, warehouses full of human hair and jewelry, ashes in crematoriums, half-dead emaciated survivors.

23. Nuremberg Trials International Military Tribunal
(Britain, France, U.S., Soviet Union)
On December 17, 1942, the leaders of the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union issued the first joint declaration officially noting the mass murder of European Jews and resolving to prosecute those responsible for crimes against civilian populations.
Nuremberg Trials – 12 Nazi Leaders were sentenced to death. Thousands of other Nazis imprisoned.

24. Israel
Holocaust increased demand and support for and independent Jewish Homeland
1947 – The United Nations establishes a Jewish homeland in British-controlled Palestine
1948 – Becomes the State of Israel

25. Resistance & Rescue Continued
BY BUSINESS
Oskar Schindler
Owned a factory in Poland
Credited with saving 1,200 Jewish workers
BY DIPLOMATS
Chiune Sugihara
Japanese diplomat to Lithuania
6,000 Jewish refugees
BY CITIZENS
Irena Sendler
Polish Social Worker in Warsaw Ghetto
Smuggled 2,500 children to Christian families, orphanages, and convents
Eventually discovered – arrested, imprisoned, tortured.

26. Some risked it all BY JEWS
Jewish groups attacked German tanks with Molotov cocktails, hand grenades, and a handful of small
Jewish resisters hid in the ruins of the ghetto, which SS and police units patrolled to prevent attacks on German personnel.
BY AMBASSADORS
Gilberto Bosques
“Mexican Schindler”
Mexico’s ambassador to France
40,000 Jews to Latin America
NON VIOLENT
sheltering Jews
listening to forbidden Allied radio broadcasts
producing secret anti-Nazi newspapers.
Individuals willing to help Jews in danger faced severe consequences if they were caught

27. With a partner, make a list.

28. Common Questions Why didn’t you leave Germany if you were Jewish?
Laws were passed and enforced gradually
World Wide depression limited immigration
How did they know who was Jewish?
Census
synagogue membership lists
municipal lists
mandatory registration
information from neighbors or local civilians and officials.
What happened if you disobeyed an order to participate?
those who decided to stop or not participate in atrocities were usually given other responsibilities
guard duty or crowd control.
Quiet non-compliance was widely tolerated, but public denunciation of Nazi anti-Jewish policy was not.
Wasn’t one of Hitler’s relatives Jewish?
No - historical evidence to suggest that Hitler was Jewish.
Rumors about Hitler’s ancestry were circulated by political opponents as a way of discrediting him
The identity of Hitler’s paternal grandfather is

29. 10 Minute Exit out Write
What are the warning signs we should look for to help prevent future genocides? What is our responsibility as a nation or as individuals when confronted with such crimes?

30. Indoctrination of youth