1. International Neurourology Journal 2012;16:132-138
Impact of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Depression on Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults
Hyo Jeong Song, Mi Ah Han1, Hyung Chang Kang2, Kyung Suk Park3, Kwang Sung Kim4,
Mi Kyung Kim4, Jina Kang5, Eun Ok Park, Mi Yeul Hyun, Chul Soo Kim2
Department of Nursing, Jeju National University College of Nursing, Jeju;
1Department of Preventive Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju;
2Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Jeju National University College of Natural Sciences, Jeju;
3Department of Journalism and Public Relations, Jeju National University College of Social Science, Jeju;
4Department of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul;
5Department of Nursing, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju; Korea
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (
org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

2. International Neurourology Journal 2012;16:132-138
INTRODUCTION
We aimed primarily to investigate the level of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and depression in older adults and secondly to identify the impact of LUTS and depression on HRQoL.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to November Participants were recruited from five community senior centers serving community dwelling older adults in Jeju city. Data analysis was based on 171 respondents. A structured questionnaire was used to guide interviews; the data were collected including demographic characteristics, body mass index, adherence to regular exercise, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and osteoarthritis), depression, urinary incontinence, LUTS (measured via the International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS]), and HRQoL as assessed by use of the EQ-5D Index. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to test predictors of HRQoL.

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RESULTS
Eighteen percent (18.6%) of the respondents reported depressive symptoms. The mean LUTS score was 8.9 (IPSS range, 0 to 35). The severity of LUTS, was reported to be mild (score, 0 to 7) by 53% of the respondents, moderate (score, 8 to 19) by 34.5%, and severe (score, 20 to 35) by 12.5%. HRQoL was significantly predicted by depression (Partial R2=0.193, P<0.01) and LUTS (Partial R2=0.048, P=0.0047), and 24% of the variance in HRQoL was explained.
CONCLUSIONS
LUTS and depression were the principal predictors of HRQoL in older adults.

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Table 1. Subject characteristics (n=171)a)

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Table 2. Percentage of responses to each EQ-5D Index dimension (n=171)

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Table 3. EQ-5D scores by subject characteristics (n=171)

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Table 4. Factors associated with EQ-5D