1. C&E Diagram 1 Cause and Effect Diagram ( C&E, Ishikawa, Fault or Fishbone Diagram )

2. C&E Diagram 2 Objective Define a Cause and Effect diagram Understand the elements of C&E analysis Understand why and when to use C&E diagrams Understand the importance of team involvement when brainstorming Workshop on project team’s C&E Diagram In This Module We Will….

3. C&E Diagram 3 Problem/ Desired Improvement Main Category Cause Root Cause Cause & Effect Diagram The Cause and effect diagram is also called: –Fishbone Diagram-because of the way it looks –Ishakawa Diagram for the inventor, Dr. Kaoru Ishakawa.

4. C&E Diagram 4 What is a Cause and Effect Diagram? A visual tool to identify, explore and graphically display, in increasing detail, all of the suspected possible causes related to a problem or condition to discover its root causes. Not a quantitative tool Problem/ Desired Improvement Main Category Cause Root Cause

5. C&E Diagram 5 Why Use Cause & Effect Diagrams? Focuses team on the content of the problem Creates a snapshot of the collective knowledge of team Creates consensus of the causes of a problem Builds support for resulting solutions Focuses the team on causes not symptoms To discover the most probable causes for further analysis To visualize possible relationships between causes for any problem current or future To pinpoint conditions causing customer complaints, process errors or non-conforming products To provide focus for discussion

6. C&E Diagram 6 Man Methods Machine Materials Measurement Five Key Sources of Variation Environment + Use cause and effect diagram to single out variation sources within the “5M’s + E” Product/Manufacturing

7. C&E Diagram 7 People Procedures Policies Place Measurement Five Key Sources of Variation Environment + Use cause and effect diagram to single out variation sources within the “4P’s + M&E” Transactional/Service

8. C&E Diagram 8 CausesEffect Shows various influences on a process to identify most likely root causes of problem Problem Main Category Cause Sub-Cause Root Cause Fishbone - Cause and Effect Diagram

9. C&E Diagram 9 MethodsMaterials Machinery Manpower Maintenance Problem/ Brainstorm to determine root causes and add those as small branches off major bones Constructing a C&E Diagram

10. C&E Diagram 10 Fishbone diagram sourced from GOAL/QPC Black Belt Memory Jogger published 2002 Fishbone Diagram Example

11. C&E Diagram 11 Same Example More Detail

12. C&E Diagram 12 Physical C&E Construction C&E Fishbone diagrams can be constructed two ways: Paper and pen –Usually more effective when working in a team –May take multiple sheets of flip chart paper –Many teams find it helpful to do the flip chart method first because it lends itself to group dynamics. Everyone can see and participate easier. Minitab software –Very helpful when sharing diagram with an audience outside of your team

13. C&E Diagram 13 C&E Workshop In Project Teams, complete the following items: 1.Determine the problem or “head’ of the fishbone 2.Determine if your process is Transactional/Commercial or Product/Industrial 3.Create a Cause & Effect (C&E) Fishbone diagram using: - 4 P’s and M & E (Transactional process) * - 5 M’s and E (Product process) * * Use the headings (Ps and Ms) as guidelines. Customize to better describe the process