1. JOURNALISM IN A DEMONCRACY Chapter 1

2. America’s first newspapers Usually one page Contained : letters, essays and material borrowed from many sources 1690 – Publick Occurrences – Boston – Benjamin Harris British authorities closed after only one issue 1704 – Boston News-letter – John Campbell – published “by authority”

3. Examples

4. Establishment of Freedom of the Press 1735 – truth as a defense against libel charges established up to this point rule was – “the greater the truth, the greater the libel” John Peter Zenger – New York Weekly Journal printed stories critical of Governor William Cosby Zenger arrested on charges of seditious libel Andrew Hamilton defended Zenger Used truth as defense jury found Zenger not guilty

5. The Birth of the Nation Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate to prefer the latter.” Thomas Jefferson

6. Partisan Press Media supports one political party over another 1775 – Whigs vs. Tories by 1775 37 newspapers being published end of war – 1791 First Amendment ratified 1 st daily newspaper – Pennsylvania Post opens - 1783 1777 – first student newspaper opens – Students Gazette – Friends Latin School - Pennsylvania

7. The Penny Press 1833 – Benjamin Day founds News York Sun first paper filled with actual news sold for a penny (roughly 78 cents today) advertising took on major role 1835 – James Gordon Bennett founds New York Morning Herald 1841 Horace Greeley founds founds New York Tribune 1851 – New York Times founded by Henry Raymond 1896 bought by Adolph Ochs – coined phrase “All the news that’s fit to print”

8. Women in the Press 1840s – Cornelia Walter editor of Boston Transcript 1850 – Jane Grey Swisshelm first woman to cover Congress

9. The Effect of the Telegraph

10. Yellow journalism

11. The Development of Minority Media

12. The Advent of Radio

13. The Impact of Television

14. The Effects of Technology

15. Journalism Today