1. EQ: How are electricity and magnetism related and how does it affect our every day life? PG. 79

2. MAGNETISM A material that has aligned domains with repulsive and attractive forces ELECTRICITY The movement of electrons from one place to another

3. ► Charged particles experience an electric force when in an electric field regardless of whether they are moving or not moving ► Electric field ► There is another force that charged particles can experience even in the absence of an electric field but only when they are motion ► A Magnetic Force ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM

4. Magnetic Forces ► This force is ► proportional to the charge q ► proportional to the speed v ► perpendicular to both v and B (magnetic field) Given a charge q moving with a velocity v in a magnetic field, it is found that there is a force on the charge This can be summarized as

5. ELECTRICITY MAGNETISM ► ► How can you tell? Compass needle moves when near electrical current - creating a magnetic field Electric currents cause magnetism

6. ELECTROMAGNET How to increase the strength of the magnet   More coils of wire= more current   Increase voltage   Add iron to the core A temporary magnet made by wrapping a wire coil carrying an electric current around an iron core. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lSmuqLtmuwg Junkyard electromagnet

7. 1.Straight wire 2. Single loop Increasing the strength of the magnetic field (1-weakest, 4 –strongest) 3. Solenoid - A single wire wrapped into a cylindrical wire coil 4. Solenoid with iron core

8. ► Electric motors are used in most household appliances which convert electricity into mechanical energy (motion).

9. How does an electric motor work?

10. Go to the next slide  How does an electric motor work?

11. Simple as that!! How a speaker works https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMxn3CPLe-A How does an electric motor work?

12. MAGNETISM  ELECTRICITY ► ► How can you tell? Electromagnetic induction moving a magnet in and out of a coiled wire created an electrical current without a battery Moving magnet can generate electricity https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hajIIGHPeuU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=20Vb6hlLQSg Electricity generation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AmWEs5CTQ3Q

13. Moving a loop of wire through a magnetic field or moving a magnet through a loop of wire produces an electric current. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3Qwf4P6x9w Flashlight https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NqdOyxJZj0U Pipe and magnet Electricity can produce a magnetic field, but a magnetic field can also produce electricity! How?

14. A generator is used to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy by electromagnetic induction.

16. Dilbert

17. Direct current versus alternating current – AC vs DC : What’s the difference? Direct current is electrical current which comes from a battery which supplies a constant flow of electricity in one direction. Alternating current is electrical current which comes from a generator. As the electromagnet is rotated in the permanent magnet the direction of the current alternates once for every revolution. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vN9aR2wKv0U You can see that the DC source is a battery – current flows in one direction. The AC source is the generator and the current alternates once for each revolution.

18. Maglev Trains ► Maglev trains are the new way to travel. It uses both magnets and electricity to cause a train to “levitate” above the track (and reduce the resistance of friction). ► Video: ► https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iaElPV0FWJ0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iaElPV0FWJ0

19. Changing Voltage ► Transformers work by the ratio of coils to change voltage:  Changing magnetic field strength: If you have more coils on the output side than the input side, then you increase voltage. If you have less coils on the output side, then you decrease voltage.  Video: ► https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQQ-mgjCpn8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQQ-mgjCpn8

20. Superconductors Electricity can flow through some materials, such as metal very easily. Electrons do not flow as easily through materials such as glass, wood or rubber. When electricity flows, it has to overcome resistance. At very low temperatures that resistance is reduced. None of the electric energy converts to heat, so a superconductor creates a very strong magnetic field.

21. PLASMA Plasma ► ► 4 th state of matter ► ► Highly conductive of electricity ► ► Highly magnetic ► ► On Earth = Northern(Southern)lights ► ► On Sun causes sun spots, flares, prominences & Coronal Mass Ejections (CME – where plasma escapes to earth) Superheated matter where electrons are not bound to nucleus; free electrons & ions

22. Both can cause each other Likes repel Opposites attract SUMMARY OF E & M ELECTRICITY ► ► Can be + or - ► ► Can flow (current) ► ► Can jump (static) E = Electricity and M = Magnetism are related!! MAGNETISM ► Can NOT have only 1 pole ► Can be Normal (N) or Reversed (S) pole ► Can move through field ► Causes sun spots, flares, CME

23. Closing Task ► Differentiate between an electromagnet and electromagnetic induction. How are both used in your every day lives

24. ► An electric motor is a device which converts electricity to mechanical energy. ► An electromagnet turns inside of a permanent magnet. By changing the direction of the current, the poles will keep switching between N and S, and therefore cause the electromagnet to continually rotate. ► Electric generators do just the opposite. They convert mechanical energy into electricity. ► They do this through a process of electromagnetic induction. This is where an electric current is generated by manually varying a magnetic field. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d_aTC0iKO68