1. CSIRO AND PUBLIC GOOD RESEARCH Roger Jones Public Meeting to save CSIRO State Library Victoria June 12 2016

2. Total expenditure $428 billion, R&D 2.3% Public good in Linkage grants discouraged Public good programs hit hardest Public good removed from CRC program Energy R&D programs moved from renewables to coal, gas & oil Internal gov’t public good funded research reduced NESP programs carry reduced climate science funding

3. Australia’s changing research priorities 2013 Living in a changing environment Promoting population health and wellbeing Managing our food and water assets Securing Australia’s place in a changing world Lifting productivity and economic growth 2015 Food Soil and water Transport Cybersecurity Energy Resources Advanced manufacturing Environmental change Health

4. Australia’s research priorities 1.Food Optimising food and fibre production and processing; agricultural productivity and supply chains within Australia and global markets 2.Soil and Water Improving the use of soils and water resources, both terrestrial and marine * 3.Transport Boosting Australian transportation: securing capability and capacity to move essential commodities; alternative fuels; lowering emissions 4.Cybersecurity Improving cybersecurity for individuals, businesses, government and national infrastructure 5.Energy and Resources Supporting the development of reliable, low cost, sustainable energy supplies and enhancing the long-term viability of Australia’s resources industries 6.Manufacturing Supporting the development of high value and innovative manufacturing industries in Australia 7.Environmental Change Mitigating, managing or adapting to changes in the environment * 8.Health Improving the health outcomes for all Australians

6. What is public good research? a.Research that makes the economy grow, providing wealth and jobs for the public. Australian National Audit Office a.A drain on public resources and a covert attempt to impose global government – leave it to markets. the IPA c.The government policy, frankly, determines public good. That’s their decision. Larry Marshall, CEO CSIRO d.Scientific knowledge in its pure form is a classic public good. It is a keystone for innovation, and in its more applied forms is a basic component of our economy. US National Academies of Science

7. The Role of Scientific and Technical Data and Information in the Public Domain: Proceedings of a Symposium (2003) US NAS

8. What is public good R&D? Public good research is generated through the process of ideas and concepts that produces pure knowledge, which then contributes to embodied, applied knowledge, which is then developed to generate technologies and products based on those technologies. Public goods are: Non-rivalrous/non-excludable – they can be used by anybody Non-depletable – their use by one person does not jeopardise their use by another Dominated by intangible or ‘intrinsic’ value Often take the form of social technologies; i.e., they cannot easily be commodified

9. How do we measure public good R&D? Beyond the normal scientific measures – publications, citations, collaborations & income – we don’t. Characteristics of good public good R&D include: Strong public good research programs produce powerful science–policy networks, where they deliver directly to end users and influence public opinion. The social benefits lead to a stronger, more connected and resilient society that contributes back into the economy through opportunity, innovation and improved risk culture (better equipped to deal with modernity). The ability to manage the global commons in ways that private good R&D cannot achieve. Public good R&D contributes to private good R&D because private interests lack the capacity to generate the knowledge they use (this traces back to Adam Smith, 1776).

10. In 2015, CSIRO conducted a ‘deep dive’ investigation to explore their strengths and weaknesses. The aim was to secure the direction of the organisation over the life of projected funding horizons as dictated by government. Recent retreats from the public funding of public good science were taken as signals for divestment, and the national interest was ignored, counter to CSIRO’s charter. This is what the ‘deep dive’ exercise achieved