1. Copyright© 2009 E-Essence Company Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. FACT OR FRICTION The Most Advanced Technology In Lubrication

2. Lubrication Lubrication is the act of applying lubricants and lubrication substances which are capable of reducing friction between moving mechanical parts

3. Asperities All surfaces, no matter how smooth they may appear to the unaided eye, when sufficiently magnified are rough and uneven. This unevenness is know as asperities. Asperities when rubbed together generate particulate

4. Friction Consumes Power Friction is the resistance to relative motion between two bodies in contact. According to the Department of Energy, 62.4% of energy is lost to friction in the engine resulting in the loss of fuel, horsepower & components \\\ Greatest friction occurs by particles the same size as the oil film thickness

5. Adhesion and Cohesion Adhesion is the property of a lubricant that causes it too stick or adhere to the parts lubricated. Cohesion is the property which holds a lubricant together and resist a breakdown of the lubricant under pressure. Adhesion Cohesion Oil molecules Moving Surface Oil molecules slide over each other

6. Relationship of Friction, Cohesion, Adhesion and Lubrication  Friction always consumes power and produces heat  Any fluid when placed between two surfaces tends to keep them apart and change sliding friction into fluid friction, thus they are said to be lubricated  The extent to which lubrication reduces the friction between two surfaces is governed by two factors: 1) The selection of the fluid which has the best proportion of cohesive & adhesive properties. 2) The amount of pressure between the two surfaces  To insure lubrication, the layer of fluid must be kept intact, the greater the pressure the more difficult this becomes

7. Weld Junctions Stress Risers Cutting away Surface Roughness Denting Affect 3 Common Types of Wear as a Result of Friction (1) ABRASIVE WEAR(2) ADHESION(3) SURFACE FATIGUE *High pressure pump *Bearings *Gears *Rings & cylinders *Valves *Seals

8. Tribology Since the late 1960’s the field of Tribology – the study of friction, wear and lubrication in fluid systems - has developed sophisticated tests to gain much knowledge into the effects of friction and ways to reduce friction in order to reduce wear, heat and particle contamination.

9. The Problem Friction and heat cause the destruction of asperities resulting in metal particles interrupting the oil film between two surfaces generating more particles These particles react with moisture, impurities and lubricant additives creating corrosive acids that further pit the surface creating new asperities These acids oxidize the lubricant, accelerate wear and rapidly deteriorate the functions of the lubricant resulting in the 3-common wears in the fluid system Thus far you have seen the effects of friction and the challenge facing lubricants under pressure, heat and particle contamination PARTICLES UNDER 5µ CAUSE THE MOST COMPONENT DAMAGE -Dr. E. Rabinowicz of M.I.T. (American Society Of Lubrication Engineers 1981)

10. 5 Functions of the Lubricant 1)Friction Reduction 2)Seal 3)Heat removal 4)Cleanse 5)Absorb Shock

11. Challenge of the Lubricant  A good lubricant must reduce particulate wear from the interaction of metal-metal contact  Even the best lubricants degrade over time, as a result of friction and chemical in the additive package reacting with particulate, moisture, heat and oxygen resulting in acidic properties  These acids react with the metal surface causing micro-pitting (asperities) and the vicious cycle begins anew  The very anti-wear additive package designed to protect metal-metal contact, turns acidic and become part of the problem

12. The Downfall of Lubricants  The typical downfall of a lubricant occurs as a result of an imperfect, temporary and sacrificial boundary layer between surfaces allowing asperity-asperity contact thus introducing particulate into the lube  Heat, moisture, air, and metal particulates combined with certain additives interact causing acids which micro pit the surfaces and oxidizes the oil  The efficiency & longevity of a lubricant dramatically increases as the asperity-asperity contact decreases  The goal is to reduce friction through a solid and permanent boundary layer on the surfaces

13. Boundary Additives The intent of boundary additives are to form a boundary layer of molecules to prevent surface-surface contact Additives in use are Graphite, Molybdenum, Zinc, Phosphorous, and Sulfur Downside of these additives are their chemical reaction with metal and other contaminates such as moisture causing them to become acidic, corrosive and a part of the problem they are intended to solve These additives are also highly toxic; such as Zinc that is linked to cancer and other illnesses The field of Tribology over the years has researched for a solid boundary lubricant that is biodegradable and permanent.

14. Dept. Of Energy The Present Condition of Friction Loss of horsepower or power in hydraulics Graduated loss of fuel economy Frequent oil drains due to degradation Component wear Increased emissions Rising maintenance cost Rising labor cost

15. 18% Decrease in Horsepower Extending oil drains without friction protection this engine dropped from 365 HP to 300HP “Wear promoted by particles (under 10µ) leads to diminished fuel efficiency, reduced component life, oil service, and power output” -Needelman, Filtration For Wear Control & Affects of Contamination

16. America's First National Laboratory THEDISCOVERY

17. The “Big Bang” Discovery In Friction Reduction Technology Following years of research in support of the US space program, a discovery in 1990 by scientist at the prestigious Argonne National Laboratory redefined the potential of lubrication technology Argonne Website: www.anl.gov

18. The Discovery  In 1991 the DOE patented boric acid as a solid boundary- layer lubricant. Developed by Dr. Erdemir, Boron CLS Bond was the result of years of research at the Argonne National Laboratories Tribology Department under the Department of Energy  Winner of the prestigious R&D 100 award  Holds a U.S. DOE Government patent #5,431,830  BORON CLS BOND has been tested worldwide under the harshest conditions with millions spent and producing the same consistent results every time  Written up in Journals of Tribology. Lubrication Engineers and many other publications as a self replenishing solid boundary lubricant

19. The Technology Biodegradable Boric Acid is used to form a permanent solid boundary layer lubricant on Metal Surfaces NO additive in oil has the ability to form a permanent solid boundary layer

20. METAL SUBSTRATE BORIC ACID Step One: Boric Acid is Introduced A new permanent surface is about to be created

21. METAL SUBSTRATE BORIC OXIDE H2OH2O AIR Step 2: Interaction between Boric Acid, moisture and the metallic substrate forms Boric Oxide

22. METAL SUBSTRATE BORIC OXIDE Boric Acid Step 3: Boric Oxide bonds to the metallic substrate and forms a solid surface barrier on the substrate preventing metal-to-metal contact. 85% hardness of a diamond

23. METAL SUBSTRATE BORIC OXIDE BORIC ACID PLATELETS Step 4: Interaction between Boric Oxide and moisture reforms Boric Acid into crystalline platelets An effective new technology protecting surfaces

24. Step 5: Crystalline Boric Acid Platelets Form Crystal Lattice Structure - CLS Electron micro- photograph of boric acid Crystal Lattice Structure (15 micron field Of view) Like a deck of brand new playing cards sliding over each other

25. METAL SUBSTRATE BORIC OXIDE Step 6: Boric Acid platelets align themselves parallel to the metal surface and conform to the direction of movement “70% of component replacement is the result of surface degradation” –Dr. Rabinowitz, MIT at American Society of Engineers workshop

26. NO LUBRICANT CAN ACHIEVE THIS LOW COEFFICIENT EXTREME LOW FRICTION COEFFICIENT* LESS THAN 0.01% (80% REDUCTION IN FRICTION) *The ratio of the force that maintains contact between an object and a surface and the frictional force that resists the motion of the object. Virtually eliminates particle generation

27. METAL SUBSTRATE BORIC OXIDE Weak inter- platelet bonds Step 7: Weak van-der-Waals forces* between the crytalline layers allows very low friction movement between layers *A weak attractive force between atoms or nonpolar molecules

28. EXTREME PRESSURE PERFORMANCE LOAD Resists High Pressure

29. METAL SUBSTRATE BORIC OXIDE LOAD Extreme hardness of crystalline structures prevents metal-to-metal contact when load is applied

30. BORIC ACID BORIC OXIDE MOISTURE AIR + MOISTURE Step 7: Self-renewing cycle: Interaction between Boric Acid, Boric Oxide, Air and Moisture leads to self-replenishing cycle.

31. Lubrication Performance Friction Coefficient Less Than 0.01 Timken Load Greater Than 90+ Reduces wear up to 90% Reduces Friction up to 80% Increases Engine Efficiency 5-7%+ Increases Fuel Efficiency 2-12%+ Reduces Friction Heat 40-50%

32. Added Values Biostat Anti-Corrosive Anti-Oxidant Reactive Coating Water Resistant Displaces carbon, varnish and sludge previously built up in Engine/machinery Prevents deposit formation in new engines

33. The most Advanced Friction Reduction Technology Available Argonne Tribology Labs has contributed the greatest development in lubrication and friction reduction technology available today. Taking advantage of the Boron CLS Bond technology for your fluid system will have the greatest impact for you financially, mechanically, and environmentally.

34. Copyright© 2009 E-Essence Company Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. THE END  THANK YOU