1. Subject Pronouns

2. In order to use verbs, you will need to learn about subject pronouns. A subject pronoun replaces the name or title of a person or thing and acts as the subject of a verb. In both Spanish and English, subject pronouns are divided into three groups: first person second person third person

3. Subject Pronouns

4. it… There is no Spanish equivalent of the English subject pronoun it. Generally it is not expressed in Spanish.

5. The 1 st person singular pronoun yo Yo = I.  Yo soy estadounidense.  I am American.  Yo soy estudiante.  I am a student. Note that it is not capitalized unless it starts a sentence:  Mi amigo y yo…  My friend and I…

6. 2 nd person singular pronoun tú Tú = you (familiar / informal) Used when talking to a friend, a family member or a child (first name basis).  Tú eres de Canadá, ¿verdad, Victoria?  You are from Canada, right, Victoria?

7. Formal you usted (Ud.) Usted = you (formal) Used when talking to someone you should respect. Abbreviated Capital U + lower case d + period. (Ud.) Use usted to address a person with whom you have a formal or more distant relationship, such as a superior at work, a professor or a person older than you.  ¿Usted es la profesora de español?  Are you the Spanish professor?

8. 3 rd person singular masculine él él = he It is used when talking ABOUT a boy/guy/man. used in the same way as its English counterpart:  Jorge es mexicano. Él es de Guadalajara.  Jorge is Mexican. He is from Guadalajara. DON’T forget the accent mark. If you do, you are actually writing the Spanish word for “the”  él = heel = the

9. 3 rd person singular Feminine ella Ella = she It is used when talking ABOUT a girl/woman. Used in the same way as its English counterpart:  Rosa es dominicana. Ella es de Santo Domingo.  Rosa is Dominican. She is from Santo Domingo. Pronounce it correctly.  It sounds like (eh-yah) not (el-lah)  Remember ll = y sound.

10. Use nosotros / nosotras to talk about a group of people that includes you. In Spanish, we distinguish between “we” masculine and feminine, unlike English: Juan: “Mi hermano y yo somos de Argentina. Nosotros vivimos en Buenos Aires.” Juan: “My brother and I are from Argentina. We live in Buenos Aires.” Juana: “Mi hermana y yo somos de Bolivia. Nosotras vivimos en La Paz.” Juana: “My sister and I are from Bolivia. We live in La Paz.” Use the masculine pronoun if it refers to a mixed group: Juana: “Mi hermana, mis padres y yo somos de Bolivia. Nosotros vivimos en La Paz. Juana: “My sister, my parents and I are from Bolivia. We live in La Paz. The 1 st person plural pronoun nosotros / nosotras

11. The 2 nd person plural pronoun vosotros / vosotras Vosotros / vosotras = you (familiar and plural) Only used in Spain. Used when talking to a group of friends, family members or children (first name basis). Like nosotros / nosotras, vosotros and vosotras distinguish between masculine and feminine.

12. formal you plural ustedes (Uds.) ustedes = you (formal and plural) Abbreviated Capital “U” + lower case “d” + lower case “s” period. (Uds.) Used when talking to a group of people. Is not considered formal in the Americas.

13. 3 rd person Plural masculine ellos Ellos = They (masculine) It is used when talking ABOUT a group of boys/guys/men or a mixed group. used in the same way as its English counterpart: Jorge y Pepe son mexicanos. Ellos son de Guadalajara. Jorge and Pepe are Mexican. They are from Guadalajara. Jorge y Ana son alumnos. Ellos son amigos también. Jorge and Ana are students. They are friends also. Please pronounce it correctly. It sounds like (eh-yohs) not (el-lohs) Remember ll = y sound.

14. 3 rd person plural Feminine ellas Ellas = They (feminine) It is used when talking ABOUT a group of only females. Used in the same way as its English counterpart: Sofía y Ana son alumnas. Ellas son amigas también. Sofia and Ana are students. They are also friends. Please pronounce it correctly.  It sounds like (eh-yahs) not (el-lahs)  Remember ll= y sound.

15. YOU, You, and You In English, there is only one “YOU”. It is singular and plural, masculine and feminine, formal and informal  Note: y’all or you all is not standard English, but we will use it to help learn the Spanish forms of “you”. In Spanish there are 5 ways to express “you”  tú  usted (Ud.)  vosotros  vosotras  ustedes (Uds.)

16. Let’s look at the singular forms first. Each one has a specific time when it used. If you use the wrong one, it can be offensive to the person with whom you are speaking. Differences – YOU: Tú vs. Usted Tú = you (informal/familiar) Use “tú” when talking to people with whom you are on a first name basis. friends family small children people younger than you pets Usted (Ud.) = you (formal) Use “Usted” when talking with people to whom you should show respect. People in authority (police, teachers, bosses, etc.) Strangers Acquaintances Adults

17. In Spanish there are three ways to say “all of you”  Vosotros  Vosotras  Ustedes (Uds.) Vosotros/vosotras are the plural forms of tú. Ustedes is the plural form of usted. Vosotros is used when talking to a familiar group of males or a mixed group. Vosotras is the feminine form of vosotros and is used when the entire group is female These two familiar forms are used primarily in Spain. Differences – Y’all

18. The plural you form “ustedes (Uds.)” Is used differently in Spain and Latin America. In Spain, vosotros/as is used when talking to an informal group. Uds. is used to address a formal group. In Latin America, Uds. is generally used in both formal and informal situations. (They don’t use vosotros/as) Differences – Y’all