1. Human Rights Population

2. Population: Human Rights WHAT ARE HUMAN RIGHTS? Fundamental rights that belong to every person, simply by being a human being. Principles Universality Equality Non-discrimination

3. Population: Human Rights HISTORY World War 2: Nazi atrocities against specific groups of people. United Nations founded in 1945 to maintain peace and promote Human Rights

4. Population: Human Rights 30 HUMAN RIGHTS Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) Do you know your rights?

5. Population: Human Rights FREEDOM OF SPEECH Article 19 UDHR: – “Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers”

6. Population: Human Rights FREEDOM OF SPEECH This freedom can be limited: – Slander – Hate speech – Inciting violence But only in some cases because the law also protects people against Government trying to silence them.

7. Population: Human Rights FREEDOM FROM TORTURE Article 5 UDHR: – “No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.”

8. Population: Human Rights FREEDOM FROM TORTURE Inflicting severe pain or suffering, whether mental or physical To get information or to punish

9. Population: Human Rights TORTURE EXAMPLE The United States used torture on a large scale against terrorism suspects, claiming that suspects had given up their rights. At the same time their prisoners were also denied the Right to a Fair Trial and the Right to be Considered Innocent until Proven Guilty.

10. Population: Human Rights MORE HUMAN RIGHTS Life and Liberty / Slavery / Privacy Education / Work / Leisure Language! – No discrimination – Fair trial – Free speech – Education Dwi’n siarad Cymraeg!

11. Population: Human Rights CATEGORIES OF RIGHTS Absolute Rights can never be limited – Torture, slavery, discrimination Limited Rights can be limited for certain cases – Liberty Qualified Rights can be limited in some circumstances (state of emergency / war) – Education, expression

12. Population: Human Rights HUMAN RIGHTS AT HOME England & Wales: Human Rights Act (1998) – Same rights as the ECHR, but easier to protect UK Court will decide if a right was violated After that you could go higher up to the European Court of Human Rights – 20,000 cases from 47 countries – 1500 UK cases per year, 10 guilty verdicts

13. Population: Human Rights HUMAN RIGHTS CONFLICTS IN THE UK Security vs Privacy – Art. 3: Life, liberty and security Government has to stop terrorists – Art. 12: Privacy, family, home and correspondence Government can’t intercept your communication Our safety is important, but so are our rights, so where do we draw the line?

14. Population: Human Rights FUTURE CHALLENGES Asylum for refugees: Some people flee countries with terrible human rights, but they are not always welcome in other countries LGBT rights: Often LGBT individuals are discriminated against and lack rights Gender rights: to equal employment, equal pay, equal access, etc.