1. GEOG 352: Day 18

2. Itinerary for Rest of the Semester As discussed last class, we are having the healthy food debate today, along with presentations by Kylie and Leah, and maybe a bit of Porritt, Chapter 13 (see there his discussion of taxation issues which we won’t cover). As discussed last class, we are having the healthy food debate today, along with presentations by Kylie and Leah, and maybe a bit of Porritt, Chapter 13 (see there his discussion of taxation issues which we won’t cover). There will be no more presentations; all others will be submitted as written papers 6-8 pages long, plus maps, charts and references. These will be due as soon as possible, but April 28 th is the last possible date. If you submit a PowerPoint, use the notes feature or some way of making it a bit more substantial. There will be no more presentations; all others will be submitted as written papers 6-8 pages long, plus maps, charts and references. These will be due as soon as possible, but April 28 th is the last possible date. If you submit a PowerPoint, use the notes feature or some way of making it a bit more substantial. There was a request to not do a final exam, and instead to inflate the other percentages. Attend/ part.: 10%; Book/ case report: 30%; Mid-term: 30%; Critical issue debate: 30%. Agreed or adjust it some more? There was a request to not do a final exam, and instead to inflate the other percentages. Attend/ part.: 10%; Book/ case report: 30%; Mid-term: 30%; Critical issue debate: 30%. Agreed or adjust it some more?

3. Itinerary for Rest of the Semester Next Tuesday (the 19 th ), we will have the final two debates, with the aquaculture more in the form of a presentation. Next Tuesday (the 19 th ), we will have the final two debates, with the aquaculture more in the form of a presentation. Then I will start Diamond and Ridley & Low. Then I will start Diamond and Ridley & Low. On Thursday (the 21 st ), I will finish up on those authors, and start in on Monbiot and Alexander & Harris. [Note: we will only read those authors mentioned here.] On Thursday (the 21 st ), I will finish up on those authors, and start in on Monbiot and Alexander & Harris. [Note: we will only read those authors mentioned here.] On Tuesday (the 26 th ), we will pull it all together, and on Thursday (the 28 th ), we will do a final review and do a course evaluation. On Tuesday (the 26 th ), we will pull it all together, and on Thursday (the 28 th ), we will do a final review and do a course evaluation.

4. GDP and Its Discontents GrossDomesticProduct= the total value of all goods and services produced by a nation in a year(excluding imports). GDP= private consumption + gross investment + government spending + (exports−imports). GDP per capita is adjusted for purchasing power parity. Simon Kuznets, one of its developers, warned Congress in 1934 that “the welfare of a nation can scarcely be inferred from a measurement of national income.” In1962, he was more explicit: “distinctions must be kept in mind between quantity and quality of growth. Goals of ‘more growth’ should always specify more growth of what and for what purpose.”

6. GDP and its Discontents The critics who feel that GDP is an inadequate measure of national well-being point to a number of inclusions and omissions: It includes spending on various 'bads', such as dealing with crime and its consequences, the consequences of air pollution and car crashes, cleaning up after pollution and environmental disasters (see p. 250), military spending; It ignores the household and voluntary sectors; It ignores resource depletion and the degradation of natural capital; It doesn't examine economic inequality, and It fails to take into account quality of life issues.

7. Alternatives to GDP Measure of Economic Welfare (MEW)—The MEW is the work of Yale University economists William Nordhaus and JamesTobin. They developed their Measure of Economic Welfare back in 1972 as one of the first attempts to address the shortcomings of GDP. Index of Economic Well-being (IDEW) — This index is the work of the Ottawa-based Centre for the Study of Living Standards.It's a weighted average of four main components of economic well-being: consumption flows, stocks of wealth, inequality, and indicators of economic insecurit like unemployment and poverty in old age. Genuine Progress Indicator(GPI)—The GPI was developed in 1995 by Redefining Progress, a private research institute based in California. It arrives at its Genuine Progress Indicator by taking GDP figures and then adjusts them to take into account income distribution, and other factors.

8. Alternatives to GDP Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW)—Developed in 1989 by Herman Daly and John Cobb, the ISEW takes into account private spending on defence (a negative), domestic housework (a positive), the costs of environmental harm (a negative), and it corrects for income inequality. Human Development Index(HDI)—This index is the work of the United Nations Human Development Report. It ranks the world's countries on three main aspects of human development: health, knowledge, and standard of living. Happy Planet Index (HPI)—The Happy Planet Index was developed by theBritish-based New Economics Foundation to, in their words, "show the relative efficiency with which nations convert the planet's natural resources into long and happy lives for their citizens.” Finally, in1972, the King of Bhutan came up with the Gross National Happiness (GNH) indicator that he felt would be in tune with his country's Buddhist values.