1. Solar System Notes 10/15/12 -The Sun: 3 bullet point facts for each planet -Mercury:-Venus:-Earth:-Mars: -Jupiter:-Saturn:-Uranus:-Neptune:-Pluto: TheLink!!!! (3 sentences) Summarize what you learned What did you learn about the solar system that you did not know already?

2. Meet Our Neighbors! The Solar System ↑ We are this one the 3 rd Rock from the Sun. the 3 rd Rock from the Sun.

3. The Proto-Planetary Disc

4. “Our Local Star”, The Sun! Photospheric Composition: Hydrogen 73.46% Helium 24.85% Oxygen 0.77% Carbon 0.29% Iron 0.16% Sulfur 0.12% Neon 0.12% Nitrogen 0.09% Silicon 0.07% Magnesium 0.05%

5. The Dynamics of The Sun

6. The Terrestrial Planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are called terrestrial because they have a compact, rocky surface like the Earth's. The planets Venus, Earth, and Mars have significant atmospheres while Mercury has almost none.

7. Mercury Atmosphere: NONE! Temperature & Appearance: Temperature & Appearance: 100°K – Night (-280°F) 700°K– Day (800°F) Looks cratered much like the surface of Earth’s Moon Size & Place in Solar System: It is the 1rst Planet in our Solar System that is closest to the sun..31 to.39 AU from the Sun. It is also the smallest planet in our Solar System. Satellites: NONE! Other Facts: Most extreme temperatures in the solar system due to its location near the sun

8. Venus Temperature & Appearance: Surface is 750° K (860° F) Hottest Surface Temp. in our Solar System on a planet. Cloudy & Milky color Atmosphere: Mainly 96.5 % Carbon Dioxide, 3.5% Nitrogen, other Sulfur, Argon & Water Vapor Size & Place in Solar System: Venus is about the size of Earth & was at one time called our sister planet. It is the 2 nd planet in our Solar System from the Sun..71 to.72 AU from the Sun. Satellites: NONE! Other Facts: Clouds cover entire planet, cannot see the surface Hottest Surface Temp. because of clouds creates Greenhouse Effect Sulfic Acid for clouds

9. The Surface of Venus

10. Earth (Our Home!) Atmosphere: 78 % Nitrogen, 21 % Oxygen, 1 % other Water covers 71 % of the planet Temperature & Appearance: Ranges from -80°F to 125°F depending on location. Planet is Dark Blue (water) White patches (clouds) Satellites: Moon Other Facts: The only KNOWN planet in the Solar System with life!!! Size & Place in the Solar System: 7,918 Miles around (diameter), 3 rd planet from the Sun

11. Mars Atmosphere: 95.7% Carbon Dioxide, 2.7% Nitrogen, 1.6 % other Size & Place in the Solar System: Smaller than Earth, 4 th Planet from the Sun Earth’s other neighbor. 1.4 to 1.52 AU from Sun Satellites: 2 Phobos & Deimos Other Facts: Mars has been explored by humans using robotic vehicles (rovers) Mars has the largest known volcano in the Solar System Olympus Mons the size of the state Arizona Temperature & Appearance: Min. -109° F, Max. 7° F. Has a reddish color because of red dirt & dust on the surface.

12. The Jovian Planets Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are known as the Jovian (Jupiter-like) planets, because they are all gigantic compared with Earth, and they have a gaseous nature like Jupiter's. The Jovian planets are also referred to as the gas giants, although some or all of them might have small solid cores.

13. Jupiter Atmosphere: 89.2% Hydrogen, 10.2% Helium, 0.6% other Temperature & Appearance : -230 Degrees F, bands that are swirling like clouds of different colors Size & Place in the Solar System: Largest Planet in the Solar System, 5 th planet from the Sun & 318 x larger than our planet Earth. 5 to 5.5 AU from Sun Satellites: Satellites: Jupiter has 61 (as of May 2003): 64 Other Facts: Strong magnetic field Asteroid belt between Mars & Jupiter

14. The Galilean Moons Europa Io Callisto Ganymede

15. The Great Red Spot The Great Red Spot is a hurricane- like storm, more than 2 Earth’s across that has raged for centuries.

16. Saturn Atmosphere: 96% Hydrogen, 3% Helium, 1 % other Size & Place in the Solar System: Saturn is the 6 th planet from the sun in Solar System & is almost the size of Jupiter & 95 x larger than the Earth. 8.5 to 10.5 AU from the Sun. Temperature & Appearance: Min. -305° F Max. -199° F, Saturn has colorful cloud bands and the most elaborate planetary ring system of all the planets Satellites: Satellites: Saturn has 47 62 moons, most of which consist of dirty ice. Major moons include Titan, Mimas, Enceladus, Dione. Other Facts: Saturn has lowest density of all the planets in the entire Solar System. If you put it in water it would float.

17. The Rings of Saturn

18. The Moons, Rings & Shepherd Moons of Saturn

19. Uranus Atmosphere: 83% Hydrogen, 15% Helium, 2% Methane Temperature & Appearance: –357° F Max. Uranus looks like a blue/white marble floating in space. Size & Place in the Solar System: Uranus is the 7 th planet from the Sun in the Solar System. Uranus is 14.5 times the size of the Earth. 18 to 20 AU from the Sun Satellites: Uranus has Satellites: Uranus has 27 moons. All are low-density, icy worlds. Other Facts: Uranus has the must unique rotations and orbits in the Solar System. Its axis (N/S poles) are tilted at 98° which put it almost directly facing the Sun during certain seasons. Uranus gets it Blue-white color because the Methane gas within the planet absorbs all of the red light spectrum from the Sun

20. Neptune Atmosphere: 80% Hydrogen, 19% Helium, 1% Methane Temperature & Appearance: -391°F Neptune looks like a Giant Blue Bowling Ball or Marble floating in Space Size & Place in the Solar System: Neptune is the 8 th planet from the Sun & is the farthest planet in our Solar System away from the sun. It is 17 x the size of the Earth. 29 to 30 AU from the Sun Satellites: Neptune has 11 13 known moons. The 2 well known ones are: Triton & Nereid Other Facts: Discovered on September 23, 1846, Neptune was the first planet discovered by mathematical prediction rather than regular observation.

21. The Dwarf Planet - Pluto Atmosphere: 98 % nitrogen ice with traces of methane & carbon monoxide (% not known yet) Temperature & Appearance: -230°C = -382 °F. To the Hubble telescope Pluto looks like a silver ball of metal floating in the deep reaches of our solar system. Through telescopes it is said to have a light brown to slight yellowish tint seen as its true color above. Size & Place in the Solar System: The Earth is about 98 x larger than Pluto & Pluto only takes up about 0.02 masses of the Earth. Pluto is out past the planet Neptune and 30 to 50 AU from the Sun. Satellites: 3 known 4 (July, 2011) moons or satellites Other Facts: Pluto is smaller than seven of the solar systems main moons. More will be known about it as the New Horizons orbiter approaches Pluto July 14, 2015.

22. The Dwarf Planet - Ceres Atmosphere: None ? Considered an Asteroid Size & Place in the Solar System: Ceres is considered the smallest Dwarf Planet in our solar system & the largest object in our asteroid belt between Mars & Jupiter. 2.5 to 3 AU from Earth Temperature & Appearance: may have a rocky core & ice mantle. Made up of hydrated materials, carbonates & clays. Satellites: NONE

23. The Dwarf Planets & Trans-Neptunian Objects