1. RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN MALAWI Presented at the FORUM on Biogas Technology, Rural Energy and Environmental Protection for Developing Countries held in BIOMA,Chengdu,China on June 13th, 2016. By: Engineer. Patrick pemba The Department of Energy Affairs, Malawi

2. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT MALAWI

3. 3  Population of 14.8million with annual growth rate of 3.1%, about 85 % of the Malawian population lives in the rural areas  Life expectancy is currently at 53years.  Total Area : 118,485km squared.  Lake Malawi is 365 miles(587km)long and 52 miles(84km) wide. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT MALAWI

4.  Malawi lies tween latitudes 9 0 and 18 0 S, and longitudes 32 0 and 36 0 E.  Three administrative regions with 28 districts (6 in northern region, 9 in the central region and 13 in the southern region.  Has 4 major cities and Capital City is Lilongwe in the Central region

5.  Has 9 ethnic groups with chewa being the largest.  The official language for Malawi is English while its vernacular language is Chichewa /Chinyanja GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT MALAWI

6.  Religion: dominated by Christianity with little proportion of the total population as Muslims  Received its independency on 6 th July,1964 and currently follows a multiparty democracy system of government.  Local currency Malawi Kwacha (MK)

7.  US$1 = MK 476.00  The calling code is +265  GNP(year 2013):$12.39 billion  GDP(year 2013):$ 224.41 or 1,157,601 at 2010 constant price(mk`million) GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT MALAWI

8.  Economy depends on Agriculture as its backborn,and main cash crops include Tobacco,Cotton and Sugar

9.  Energy needs (demand) are largely satisfied by biomass or wood fuel (about 93%),  The rest of 7% of energy needs are satisfied by electricity, liquid fuels, renewables, nuclear and coal. MALAWI ENERGY SECTOR OUTLOOK

10.  Of the total electricity for domestic, commercial and industrial use in Malawi, 99% is from hydro-electric power stations.

11.  There are five hydro power stations along the Shire River. These are Kapichira 1, Kapichira 2, Nkula A, Nkula B, Tedzani 1, Tedzani 2 andTedzani 3.  There is also one small hydro power station on Wovwe river in the Northern part of Malawi with a capacity of 4.5MW

12.  Total hydro capacity for the whole country it is approximately 1032MW.  Actual installed capacity as of June, 2015 is 351MW against an estimated suppressed demand of 450MW. MALAWI ENERGY SECTOR OUTLOOK

13.  Malawi National rate of electrification is 9.8%  Urban rate of electrification stands at 30%  Rural rate of electrification stands at 2%.

14. A. National Energy Policy (2003)  Formulated in 2003,and its goals are: 1. Make the energy sector sufficiently robust and efficient to support GoM’s socio- economic agenda of poverty reduction, sustainable economic development, and enhanced labour productivity. CURRENT ENERGY POLICIES AND MEASURES OF MALAWI

15. 1. Catalyze the establishment of a more liberalized, private sector driven energy supply industry in which pricing will reflect the competition and efficiency that will develop in the reform process; and

16. 2. Transform the country’s energy economy from one that is overly dependent on biomass to one with a high modern energy component in the energy mix.

17. B. ENERGY SECTOR LEGAL INSTRUMENTS: 1. Rural Electrification Act (2004) 2. Liquid fuels and gases Act (2004) (Production and Supply) 3. Energy Regulation Act (2004) 4. Electricity Act (2004) CURRENT ENERGY POLICIES AND MEASURES OF MALAWI

18. C. Key Strategies for achieving Malawi Energy Policy Aspirations:  Develop additional power stations (hydro, coal and other renewable energy technologies)  Provide reliable energy  Improve management of energy supply  Improve monitoring in energy sub sectors CURRENT ENERGY POLICIES AND MEASURES OF MALAWI

19.  Accelerate implementation of regional electricity interconnectivity;  Expand the Rural Electrification Programme through grid and off-grid options;  Increase fuel stock-holding capacity  Promote the use of biofuels

20.  Provide alternative sources of energy  Promote the use of energy efficient technologies at community level  Review and formulate an energy regulatory framework.  Promote the use of environmental management practices in energy development programmes.

21.  The government of Malawi has in the year 2015,embarked on the promotion of key projects that would increase the generation capacity in the short term and stabilize the power supply in the long term.   These key power projects have been categorized as PLAN OF ACTION FOR POWER DEVELOPMENT IN MALAWI 2015 -2020

22. 1) Solar Power Projects -400MW; 2) Thermal Power Project-540MW; and 3) Hydropower Generation Project-623MW. Details of these projects are listed in Table 1.below:

24. A. Malawi Rural Electrification Programme (MAREP)  Started in 1980.  aims at increasing access to electricity to people in peri-urban and rural areas  The Programme electrifies district administration centres, major trading centres and tobacco growing areas through: SITUATION OF RURAL ELECTRIFICATION

25. I. Extension of power transmission and distribution lines II. A 4.5 Wovwe Min-hydro power plant III. Community/village Solar/Wind hybrid technologie

26.  Solar: Malawi is blessed with sunshine hours of 2555Hours/year and Solar radiation of 21.1mj/M 2  Wind: On average Malawi has wind speed of 2-7m/s throughout a year. RENEWABLE ENERGY DATA

27.  Min Hydro: So far the Malawi Government has developed one Min- Hydro power plant in the Northern part of the country with a capacity of 4.5MW.This is called Wovwe.  Biogas studies are underway to come up with an updated data.

28.  Currently, the PV industry has a total of 45 registered PV companies in Malawi.  Malawi does not manufacture Pv system components but imports from: 1. China, 2. Japan, OVERVIEW OF RURAL ENERGY I IN MALAWI

29.  Such standards and codes of conduct are in the process of being developed in Malawi.  Malawi Bureau of Standards which monitors and standardizes the deposition of the used materials.  MERA approves and certify companies importing, selling and installing energy equipment in Malawi. NATIONAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS AND CODES OF CONDUCT FOR PRIVATE COMPANIES WORKING ON BIOGAS.

30.  Mzuzu University: trains technicians and graduates in renewable energy  Polytechnic: it’s a constituent college of the University of Malawi which trains graduates in Electrical, Biogas, Civil as well as Mechanical engineering. HUMAN RESOURCES WORKING FOR BIOGAS

31.  There is financial scheme for solar home system called Guarantee Loan Fund which is implemented by one of the leading commercial banks in Malawi and the government is the guarantor. Beneficially of this scheme is anyone who intends to install a biogas for home use or commercial system  Government has also waived duty and surtaxes on importation of gadgets like pipes, valves in order to bring down the initial cost of biogas systems FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE SCHEME

32.  China-Funded the Malawi`Capitol Hill Solar Street Lights.  China Sponsoring and conducting Solar Technical trainings  JICA Sponsoring and conducting Solar/PV system related technical trainings. TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE BY DONORS

33.  JICA-Gave Malawi government a Grant worth US $ 6.0 million for the installation of a 840kW grid connected solar at Kamuzu International Airport.  JICA provides technical assistance and have been providing the department of energy affairs with the Rural Electrification Advisors to train energy officers on designing and installation of PV systems in Malawi.

34. 1. Solar Home Systems used for lighting, Radios,TVs and Heating water. 2. Hybrid of Solar/Wind: used to electrify areas far from the national grid(installed capacity is currently at 150kW). 3. PV systems for pumping Water. EXISTING APPLICATIONS OF PV SYSTEMS

35.  Technical barriers. This includes lack of capacity in manufacturing, distributing, installing and maintaining RETs.  Financial barriers. Include high first cost, a large proportion (45%) of which emanates from import duties and surtaxes, lack of skills to develop business plans, a lack of knowledge about local, regional and international financial facilities for RETs and low returns on investment (for financiers) MAJOR OBSTACLES TO FURTHER UTILISE AND DISSEMINATE RET IN MALAWI

36.  Institutional barriers. Limited delivery modes, a small number of RET companies, a latent market and a small number of qualified technicians to undertake installations, lack of information about the efficacy of RETs among policy makers and NGOs and the public.  Socio-cultural barriers. Include gender insensitivity in the design and operation of some RETs and the acceptability of those technologies, which touch on cultural issues, such as the promotion of biogas using human wastes.

37. PHOTOGRAPHS OF MALAWI Installation by CHAM Modern dwelling

38. 10/1/2016  Traditional dwelling

39. PHOTOGRAPHS OF MALAWI

40. 40 PHOTOGRAPHS OF MALAWI

41. 10/1/2016

43. ZIKOMO(XIEXIE)!!