1. 6 - 1 Introduction to US Health Care HS230 Health Care Administration Kaplan University Unit 7: Research & Technology Chapter 6 Kathy Lantz, MHS, MBA

2. 6 - 2 Introduction to US Health Care Chapter 6 Research and Technology

3. Understanding Medical Research Fundamental breakthrough in medical science has been the development and application of scientific method A way to study and understand human wellness Relies on making a shift from the superstition-bound ideas of the centuries past 6 - 3

4. 6 - 4 Observation Inquiry Hypothesis Experimentation Theory Vocabulary Quiz

5. Multiple Choice Modern medical research focuses on which of the following: 1) How the human body works 2) How environmental, biological and psychological conditions affect the body 3) How the body responds to illness and injury 4) All of the above 6 - 5

6. Answer 4)All of the above Modern medical research questions and probes ALL areas related directly of indirectly to health and wellness. See text page 142 6 - 6

7. 6 - 7 Perception of Medication Early twentieth century: Herbal remedies Addictive pain relievers Palliative Mid twentieth century : Penicillin Curative potential

8. 6 - 8 Noteworthy Medical Advances Advances in… Knowledge Diagnostic Techniques Treatment Options / Interventions Pharmaceuticals Information and Communication Technologies How the body works How various conditions affect the body How body responds to pathology and intervention How disease agents function

9. Short Answer What is a disease agent? 6 - 9

10. Disease Agent A pathogen or an agent that causes disease, especially a living microorganism such as a bacterium, virus, or fungus. Text page 144 6 - 10

11. Multiple Choice Which of the following is not a key in understanding how disease agents function? 1)Age 2)Transmission 3)Life cycle 4)Genesis Text page 144 6 - 11

12. Disease Agents Functions Genesis: how they form and where they come from Transmission: how they are spread from person to person Life Cycle: how does a disease agent grow and develop in the human body 6 - 12

13. 6 - 13 Noteworthy Medical Advances Advances in… Knowledge Diagnostic Techniques Treatment Options / Interventions Pharmaceuticals Information and Communication Technologies MRI scans CT scans Intervention radiology

14. Vocabulary Quiz Advances in Diagnostic Techniques: MRI Scans CT Scans Interventional Radiology 6 - 14

15. Multiple Choice Which of the following is not a common diagnostic tool? 1)MRI scans 2)Gene therapy 3)CT scans 4)Interventional radiology 6 - 15

16. Short Answer What are CT scans? 6 - 16

17. CT Scans Computed tomography (CT) takes x-rays images of various angles around the body and then uses computer data analysis to show cross sections of various organs and tissues within the body. Text page 145 6 - 17

18. 6 - 18 Noteworthy Medical Advances Advances in… Knowledge Diagnostic Techniques Treatment Options / Interventions Pharmaceuticals Information and Communication Technologies Process-management systems Clinical information interfaces and data analysis Telemedicine and remote monitoring

19. 6 - 19 Noteworthy Medical Advances Advances in… Knowledge Diagnostic Techniques Treatment Options Interventions Pharmaceuticals Information and Communication Technologies Minimally invasive procedures Devices / techniques to reduce need for surgery Gene therapy Xeno-transplantation Organ / tissue transplantation

20. 6 - 20 Noteworthy Medical Advances Advances in… Knowledge Diagnostic Techniques Treatment Options / Interventions Pharmaceuticals Information and Communication Technologies Superstatins Selective serotonin inhibitors (SSRIs) Quinolone antibiotics

21. Short Answer What are quinolone antibiotics? 6 - 21

22. Quinolone Antibiotics A class of antibiotics that are effective against a larger microbial spectrum. This gives the physician the ability to prescribe these drugs that treat a wider array of infections and treat more people in more varied way, which ultimately lower health care costs. Text page 147 6 - 22

23. Short Answer What is the CDC? 6 - 23

24. CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is the nation’s primary public health agency under the auspices of the DHHS (Department of Health and Human Services). 6 - 24

25. Short Answer What does NIH mean? 6 - 25

26. 6 - 26 National Institutes of Health (NIH) Part of U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Conducts research Composed of 27 institutes and centers

27. 6 - 27 Academic Health Centers Include medical school, other program, & teaching hospital Influence of WWII Increased funding of NIH Expansion of clinical enterprise –ICUs, burn centers, heart transplant programs, etc.

28. 6 - 28 Funding Research Public Funds Private Donors or Benefactors Increasing Driven by profit Only fund “profitable” research? Objective? Declining Federal, state, and local governments Apply for funding

29. True or False Private foundations provide money to fund medical research in which they have an interest. 6 - 29

30. True or False Public funding for medical research has increased. 6 - 30

31. Short Essay Question Discuss the costs of medical advances on health care. 6 - 31

32. Costs of Medical Advances As research in health care grows, new and advanced methods of treating disease are discovered The cost of research is great so the cost of healthcare treatment is high. New advanced treatments are in great demand which tends to sustain the high cost. 6 - 32

33. Cost of Medical Advances As treatment saturates the market and as initial costs are spread out over the market, costs decrease. The cycle from high cost and demand to lower costs and market saturation can take months or even years. Laser eye surgery is an example of this cycle. 6 - 33

34. Terminology Quiz AHCs Disease Agent NIH Theory Scientific Method Inquiry Hypothesis 6 - 34

35. Unit 7 Quiz (4) Multiple Choice (6) T or F (5) Short Answers (1) Short Essay Chapter 6: Research & Technology 6 - 35