1. Overview of Carbon Group Research Program Nano C

2. CARBON GROUP -Rostam [Science Officer] -Zairy [Science Officer] -Norly [PhD student] -Imran [PhD student] – Ali [PhD student] -Rostam [science Officer] -Salamiah [Science Officer] -Azman [Science Officer] NC200 Commercial AC KD Tech NC100 - Local AC Characterization Acid Base Titration Iodine / CCL 4

3. NC100 Objective Achievement Succeed in producing activated carbon with low production cost. Succeed in producing of homogenous mesopores distribution but still shallow of pore features ( measured via pore volume) surface area 475m2/g, meso 0.04cc/g, total pore 0.2 cc/g. Low production cost of Activated carbon. To get high mesopore distribution. Solution vs weakness An existance of Si and Fe and others inorganic compound will be removed by using Nitrate acid as an alternative. Nitrate acid is helping breaking the micropores to mesopores features.

4. Flow Chart of NC100 Preparation Process ( For KD Replacement ) Palm kernel Dry & wash Deionized water by using Ultrasonic for 6 hours at 60 o C dried Dry by using conventional oven at 60 o c Overnight carbonization Gas CO2 At 900C for 4 hours Activation Carbonized with N2 from room temp. to 900C Carbonized with N2 from room temp to 900oC Soak with 17MNaOH / 12hrs/ dry 120oC 12hrs

5. NC100 – Preminalary Results 870 nm 737 nm 716 nm 816 nm 708 nm

6. I. Support modification Objective : Oxidative treatment of activated carbon to obtain mesoporous carbon II. Synthesis of CNT/CNF on AC supported Fe catalyst Objective : to get high dispersion and homogeneous of nanocarbon on AC NC200 – current work

7. Support Modification – Meso program Raw AC-KD 475 o C500 o C525 o C550 o C Physisorption measurement Heat 10K/min, hold 3hrs, synthetic air flow rate 25ml/min in UTP 575 o C

8. Support Modification – Meso program Raw-HT47547515680.5020.5570.055 Raw-HT50050013130.6210.53890.0821 Raw-HT52552512170.56120.52640.0348 Raw-HT55055012030.55350.48550.068 Raw-HT57557512290.58590.53450.052 AC-Raw-11240.4410.3990.042 SampleTOCTOCSBET (m 2 g -1 )Total pore VVmicro (cc/g)Vmeso (cc/g) isotherm BJH mesopore

9. Support Modification – Meso program Pre-treatment [heat 200oC, 2hrs, wash 5M HNO3 / 24hrs/ RT] 400 o C450 o C480 o C500 o C Physisorption measurement 5K/min, static air flow in small furnace Raw AC-KD Holds time : 1hrs, 3hrs, 5 hrs, 7hrs

10. MicroporeMesopore isotherm BJH

11. SampleTemp Time Hold Rate/min % Yield Decreased Surface Area (m 2 /g) Pore volume (cc/g) Average pore width (nm) Total Pore Volume (cc/g) Pore volume [mesopore] (cc/g) ACAW50020HR50020 55 AshXXXXX ACAW60020HR60020 55 AshXXXXX ACAW5001HR5001 55 51.1912240.65294.8050.75380.1009 ACAW6001HR6001 55 AshXXXXX ACAW5003HR5003 55 AshXXXXX ACAW5005HR5005 55 AshXXXXX ACAW4001HR4001 55 6.1911820.48893.7490.56710.0782 ACAW4501HR4501 55 11.8113720.60793.9800.67860.0707 ACAW4003HR4003 55 8.7511940.50233.8730.57750.0752 ACAW4503HR4503 55 26.1312800.59854.3920.69820.0997 ACAW4005HR4005 55 7.9313110.56173.9000.65130.0896 ACAW4505HR4505 55 37.6013400.67554.6190.79550.1200 ACAW4507HR4507 55 63.5210370.56004.7280.66460.1046 ACAW4509HR4509 55 69.43 ACAW4505HR204505 20  35.5312990.64924.4470.76140.1122 ACAW4505HR14505 11 56.84 ACAW4801HR4801 55 27.41 ACAW4805HR4805 55 A009 Norly Ali --11220.45983.4690.52100.0612 Raw ACAW (A009) --12340.50633.5360.58270.0764

12. Future Plan Compare the highest mesopore volume method with UTP+synthetic air method –Rotating UTP – the burning process more homogen The best method use to create a mesopore based substrate for impregnation process

13. Schematic diagram for mesoporous program Raw AC-KD 450 o C475 o C500 o C525 o C Heat 10K/min, hold 3hrs, 5%O2 in N2 flow rate 100ml/min, T o C is based on Meso2 BET=Meso 1A BET=Meso 1B A009 Heat 10K/min, 5%O2 in N2 flow rate 100mil/min, ToC Impregnate with Fe BET = Meso2 BET=Meso 2A 1K/min3K/min5K/min D080-1D080-2D080-3 Heat 10K/min, hold 3hrs, 5%O2 in N2 flow rate 100mil/min, ToC is based on Meso1B [xxxOc] BET = Meso 1C Further Calcine 120C, 5%O2 in N2, Wash with 5M HNO3, RT, 24hrs Heat 10K/min, hold 3hrs, 5%O2 in N2 flow rate 100mil/min

14. Synthesis CNF/CNT on AC/Fe Big Raw ACWash 5M HNO 3 24hrs Grain / seive <50µm Wet impregnation1wt% Fe- nitrate/Fe-acetate Ultrasonificatio n / 30min Calcination 250oC Hold 1hrs 5%O2 in N2 Reduction 300 o C Hold 1hrs 5%H2 in N2 Growth 700oC Hold 2hrs 200ml H2 / 30ml C2H4

15. SEM images – iron nitrate cal250, red300, growth700

16. SEM images – iron acetate, cal250, red300, growth700

17. Acknowledgement Combicat & NanoC team FHI team