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Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild Copyright © 2001 XML, XHTML, XSLT, and other X-named specifications.

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Presentation on theme: "Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild Copyright © 2001 XML, XHTML, XSLT, and other X-named specifications."— Presentation transcript:

1 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 XML, XHTML, XSLT, and other X-named specifications Kynn Bartlett HTML Writers Guild

2 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 Who am I? Past President and Governing Board Member, HTML Writers Guild Technical Developer Relations Manager, Reef Chief Technologist, Idyll Mountain Internet

3 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 HTML Writers Guild www.hwg.org The largest organization of web developers Over 125,000 members around the world Online classes, mailing lists, web sites and resource centers –AWARE Center -- web accessibility

4 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 Who are you? Do you: Use HTML? Use SGML? Use XML? Use XHTML? Use XSLT? …know what any of those are?

5 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 Today’s Talk What is XML? What are related X-terms? –XHTML –XSLT –XPath, XLink, XForms, etc. –Non-X terms: RDF, CC/PP, WML, … How can we use them?

6 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 What is XML? “Extensible Markup Language”

7 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 Where did it come from? Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) is a meta-language – a language for building other languages Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is a language built in SGML (well…sorta) What is XML?

8 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 XML is a meta-language XML is a language for building other languages Examples: –WML –MathML –XHTML –XSLT

9 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 XML is a set of rules The XML specification defines what an XML document looks like Contains elements (and tags) and attributes, as in SGML and HTML Elements must be “closed” and nested properly: “well-formed”

10 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 DTDs and Schemas define languages in XML A Document Type Definition (DTD) or an XML schema is a formal definition of the language It tells which elements and attributes can be used where, when, and how DTDs and schemas can define (somewhat loose) data types

11 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 Here’s a simple XML file Liz Kynn

12 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 What are related X-terms? XSL, XSLT, XSL-FO, XLink, XPath, XPointer, XHTML, XHTML Basic, X- Men, XForms, … In addition, there are related terms which don’t begin with X! Amazing!

13 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 XHTML “Extensible Hypertext Markup Language” Old familiar HTML rewritten according to XML rules Pretty similar to HTML 4, but with some changes…

14 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 How is XHTML different from HTML? Must follow XML rules on “well-formed-ness” and nesting Close all tags – … – Element and attribute names all in lower case

15 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 How is XHTML different from HTML? (continued) All attribute values must be quoted – No “attribute minimization” – Script, style in “CDATA” –

16 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 Why XHTML? Can use XML software and techniques Easy to change between XML-based languages (see XSLT) Extensibility –XHTML 1.1: Modularization Combining with other XML technologies such as XLink or MathML

17 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 Using XHTML now Most browsers don’t support XHTML However, they support HTML You can write XHTML to “look like” HTML until the browsers catch up –

18 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 XForms Next generation forms for the Web Extends the functionality of HTML (XHTML) input forms Adds data typing, other types of input selections beyond those in HTML 4

19 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 XSL “Extensible Stylesheet Language” Really composed of two parts: –XSL Transformations (XSLT) –XSL Formatting Objects (XSL-FO)

20 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 XSL Transformations An XML-based language Describes transformations from one XML-based language to another For example, changing the “FamilyML” into XHTML for display in a web browser

21 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 XSL Formatting Objects XSL-FO is a way of describing presentation, such as on a printed page Similar to CSS on steroids, filtered through XML The specification is over 500 sheets of paper, printed out! Can convert XSL-FO to PDF

22 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 XLink XML-based language Used for creating links between “resources” Can create more than just simple HTML links

23 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 XPath, XPointer Non-XML syntax Used to identify specific parts of XML files, such as “this element here named -- but only the second listed” Used by other languages such as XSLT

24 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 Things which don’t begin with an X Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) Resource Description Framework (RDF) Composite Capabilities/Preferences Profiles (CC/PP) Wireless Markup Language (WML)

25 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 Scalable Vector Graphics Graphics format in XML Scalable vectors, as the name implies What’s neat about it? Transforming from XML to SVG to produce graphs, charts, etc., for starters.

26 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 Resource Description Framework (RDF) Describing “metadata” -- information about information E.g., Dublin core, used by librarians and information scientists Details relationships among types of data

27 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 Composite Capabilities/ Preferences Profiles (CC/PP) RDF-based Allows a “user agent” (browser) to self- identify what it is capable of, and what preferences the user has This information can be used by the web server to produce an appropriate user experience

28 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 How can we use XML today? Use XML-based languages (e.g. SVG) Write web pages in XHTML Use CSS to present XML content Encode data in XML –Transform to output formats using XSLT –Create alternate versions of web sites for special needs (e.g. people with disabilities, WAP phones, etc.)

29 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 Gutenberg at HWG Project Gutenberg puts “classic” texts online in text files HWG is converting them to XML Written according to a HWG XML DTD for Gutenberg documents Volunteers wanted! Great way to learn. http://gutenberg.hwg.org

30 Kynn Bartlett 11 April 2001 STC San Diego The HTML Writers Guild http://www.hwg.org/ Copyright © 2001 Any questions? Kynn Bartlett http://www.hwg.org/

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