1. Gross Anatomical study of crude Drugs
Nux-vomica seed & Ipecacuanha root
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2. DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING
ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : T.Sujata
Designation : Lecturer in pharmacy
Branch : Pharmacy
Institute : GPW ,Guntur
Year : I D.Pharm.
Subject : Pharmacognosy
Subject Code : Ph -103
Topic : Gross Anatomical study of crude Drugs
Duration : 50 minutes
Sub topic : Nux-vomica seed & Ipecacuanha root(8/8)
Teaching aids : PPT, Photographs
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3. Gross Anatomical Study of Crude drugs
Histology of Nux-vomica seed
& Ipecacuanha root
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4. On completion of this period you would able to learn about:
Objectives
On completion of this period you would able to learn about:
Biological source
Family
Histology
Constituents and
Uses of Nux-vomica seed and Ipecacuanha root
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5. KNOWN TO UNKNOWN Can you identify these? Fig : 1 Nux-vomica seeds
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6. 1. Have you ever seen such type of drug?
Yes / No
2. What are those ?
Leaf / Roots / Seeds / Fruits
3. Can we use this as medicinal purpose?
Yes/ No
4. How do you identify the that these are original fruits?
By histological study
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7. Dried seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica
Biological Source :
Dried seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica
Family :
Loganiaceae
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8. A transverse section of Nux-vomica shows Testa Lignified Trichomes
Epidermal cell
Collapsed Parenchyma
Endosperm
Plasmodesma
Aleurone grains
Oil globules
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Fig : 2

9. Testa 1.Lignified trichomes Thick walled
Bent and twisted lignified trichomes
Parallel in one direction
µ length
25µ diameter
Fig : 3
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10. 1.Epidermal cells Single layer Forms lignified trichomes
Large thick walled
Oblique linear pits
( Base of trichome)
2. Collapsed Parenchyma
Two layers
Flattened parenchyma
Fig : 4
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11. 1.Endosperm parenchyma Cell contains hemicellulose in cell wall
Thick walled cellulosic
parenchyma
Cell contains hemicellulose
in cell wall
2.Plasmodesma
Fine protoplasmic strands
between the walls of
endospermic cells
Fig :5
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12. 1.Endosperm Aleurone grains 30µ in diameter Only globoids present
Oil globules
Fixed oil as small oil
droplets
Fig : 6
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13. ChemicalConstituents Indole alkaloids
Strychnine
Brucine
Glycoside - Loganin
Uses
Bitter Stomachic
CNS Stimulant(Spinal Stimulant)
Nervine tonic
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14. Ipecacuanha root
Fig : 7
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15. Biological Source Family Dried rhizomes and roots of
Cephaelis ipecacuanha
Family
Rubiaceae
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16. A transverse section of Ipecacuanha shows
Histology
A transverse section of Ipecacuanha shows
1. Cork
2. Phelloderm
3. Cortex
4. Phloem
5. Xylem
6. Medullary rays
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Fig : 8

17. 1. Cork Narrow tangentially elongated isodiametric cells
Contains dark brown
granular matter
irregular in shape
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Fig :9

18. 1. Phelloderm Two or three rows Tangentially Elongated Thin walled
Few cells contain
Starch grains
Fig :10
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19. Many layers of thin walled Cellulosic parenchyma Intercellular spaces
1.Cortex
Many layers of thin walled
Cellulosic parenchyma
Intercellular spaces
Starch grains
Scattered Idioblasts- contain
acicular Raphides of
Calcium oxalate 1
Fig : 11
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20. 3. Calcium oxalate crystals Either scattered or in bundles
1. Cortex
2. Starch grain
Rarely single
Mostly compound 2-4
4-10µ diameter
3. Calcium oxalate crystals
Either scattered or in bundles
30-80µ length
Fig ; 12
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21. 1. Phloem Many paches in small groups Embedded in parenchymatous cells
2. cambium
Fig : 13
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22. Tracheids - pitted wall Xylem parenchyma- packed with starch grains
Lignified
Tracheids - pitted wall
Xylem parenchyma-
packed with starch grains
Medullary rays
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Fig : 14

23. Radial row arrangement Filled with starch grains No vessels or normal
1.Medullary rays
Lignified
Radially elongated
Radial row arrangement
Filled with starch grains
No vessels or normal
fibres
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Fig :15

24. Chemical Constituents..
Isoquinoline alkaloids
Emetine
Cephaline
Psycho trine
Uses
Expectorant
Emetic
Anti-amoebic
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25. QUIZ 1.What is the biological source of Nux-vomica ?
Dried seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica
2. How the Plasmodesma is arranged in endosperm region?
Fine protoplasmic strands between the walls of cells
3. Whether aleurone grains are present or absent ?
Present
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26. QUIZ 4. Xylem contains what type of vessels in Ipecacuanha root?
Tracheidal vessels
5. where the phloem is arranged and how ?
Above the cambium in patches of small groups
6. What are the uses of Ipecacuanha?
Expectorant, emetic, anti-amoebic
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27. Frequently asked questions
Write the Botanical source, Macroscopy, Microscopy,
Chemical constituents, Uses and Adulterants of
Nux-vomica.( April2007, Nov 2006, June 2002, Nov 2000)
2. Write the morphology and uses of ‘ Ipecac’(April2007, June 2002)
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28. THANK YOU
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