1. October 8, 2010 EQ: Objectives:Review the first engagements of British and American armies. Review the Declaration of Independence and its impact on the Revolutionary War. Key Terms: Nathan Hale Battle of Long Island Mercenaries Battle of Trenton Valley Forge Baron von Steuben

2. 17761777 Name of Battle Year/State Who won? 1 Fact

3. General: Major General Lord Howe How Many Troops: 34,000 Casualties: 400 General: General George Washington How Many Troops: 10,000 Casualties: 2,000 Battle of Long Island August 27, 1776

4. -Because Militia are not trained to fire in line they can not stand against the British. -400 British Royal Naval Ships land at Staten Island and off load 32,000 British Troops. -Washington is puts up a strong defense on Staten Island and Brooklyn but is forced to retreat to Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. Battle of Long Island August 27, 1776

5. Nathan Hale -June 6, 1755 – September 22, 1776 -He was an intelligent officer and spy for the Continental Army -He volunteered for an intelligence gathering mission in New York City. -Hale was arrested in a local tavern by Major Robert Rogers of the Queen’s York Rangers. -Right before being hanged Hale said, "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country."

6. 17761777 Battle of Long Island 1776/NY British

7. General: Colonel Rahl How Many Troops: 1,400 Hessian Troops Casualties: 20 Dead and 100 wounded General: General George Washington How Many Troops: 2,400 Casualties: 4 wounded Battle of Trenton December 25, 1776

8. Battle of Trenton - George Washington made the famous Crossing of the Frozen Delaware River with 2,400 soldiers. -Needed to win a battle to lift the hopes of American Forces. -Surprise 1,400 Hessian Soldiers that were occupying the town of Trenton. Hessians are Germans and fight for Great Britain for money.

9. 17761777 Battle of Long Island 1776/NY British Battle of Trenton 1776/NJ American

10. General: Major General Lord Cornwallis How Many Troops: 8,000 Casualties: 40 dead, 58 wounded General: General George Washington How Many Troops: 7,000 Casualties: 40 soldiers killed and wounded The Battle of Princeton January 3, 1777

11. The Battle of Princeton -Lord Cornwallis wanted revenge for the surprise attack at Trenton -Washington retreated by lighting fires and moving his army at night to attack Princeton. -Washington defeated 1,200 British troops as he retreated out of New Jersey. -The success at Trenton and Princeton are important because it gave the American Army victories and hope against the British.

12. 17761777 Battle of Long Island 1776/NY British Battle of Trenton 1776/NJ American Battle of Princeton 1777/NJ American

13. General: Major General Howe How Many Troops: 8,000 British and Hessians Casualties: 500 General: General George Washington How Many Troops 11,000 Americans Casualties: 1,000 Battle of Germantown October 4, 1777

14. Battle of Germantown -The Battle of Germantown is an American defeat but it plays a major role in the American Revolution. -General Howe had pushed the Americans out of Philadelphia, the home of the Continental Congress. -Washington planned an attack on General Howe but Howe was able to defend against the attack successfully. -Although neither side technically won the battle, it did bring the attention of the other European nations into the War

15. 17761777 Battle of Long Island 1776/NY British Battle of Trenton 1776/NJ American Battle of Princeton 1777/NJ American The Battle of Germantown 1777/PA British

16. The Battle of Saratoga http://www.law.ou.edu/ushistory/yankee.shtml -The British sent another army from Canada led by General Burgoyne. -The new British force was sent to cut the colonies in half by marching through New York.

17. General: Major General John Burgoyne How Many Troops: 8,000 Casualties: 440 Killed 6,222 captured General: Major General Horatio Gates and Brigadier Benedict Arnold How Many Troops: 12,000 to 14,000 Casualties: 90 killed The Battle of Saratoga October 17, 1777

18. 17761777 Battle of Long Island 1776/NY British Battle of Trenton 1776/NJ American Battle of Princeton 1777/NJ American The Battle of Brandywine and Germantown 1777/PA British The Battle of Saratoga 1777/NY American

19. Valley Forge Winter 1777-1778 -After the defeat at Long Island, Washington had to retreat for the winter. -He made it to Valley Forge, PA -There was no food, clean water, clean shelter and no medicine. -Many men died from starvation and small pox. -2,000 out of the 12,000 Continentals died during the winter camp at Valley Forge

20. 17761777 Battle of Long Island 1776/NY British Battle of Trenton 1776/NJ American Battle of Princeton 1777/NJ American The Battle of Brandywine and Germantown 1777/PA British The Battle of Saratoga 1777/NY American The Winter of Valley Forge 1777

21. America: Story of Us Reflection Questions 1.Name 3 interesting facts from the Valley Forge Segment from America Story of Us with your neighbor beside you. Record these interesting facts on a sheet of notebook paper. Albigence Waldo 1.What are some of the visual images Albigence Waldo describe in his journal entry about Valley Forge? 2.What is his opinion about people living in their homes while he is living outside? 3.Does he sound hopeful? What does he say that convinces you of this? George Washington 1.Describe some problems that George Washington explains in his letter. 2.How does he describe a Continental Army soldier living at Valley Forge (give a description)? 3.Does General Washington sound hopeful? Support your answer.

22. October 13, 2010 EQ: In what ways were the early years of the war a critical time for the Colonists? Objectives:Investigate Valley Forge and a soldier’s personal experience at Valley Forge. Discover the help from European nations during the Revolutionary War. Key Terms: Nathan Hale Battle of Long Island Mercenaries Battle of Trenton Valley Forge Baron von Steuben

23. America and France -Since the beginning of the War, France supplied guns and money to the Americans to help fight the British. -France and Great Britain have been enemies since the 1096. -The United States sends Benjamin Franklin to act as a diplomat to the French king, King Louis XVI. -Benjamin Franklin begins negotiating with the French to form an alliance against the British.

24. -Before the French entered in an alliance with the United States they wanted to be sure they could win the war against the British. -King Louis XVI was not convinced that the Americans could win after the defeats at Long Island and Germantown. -But the Battle of Saratoga was the battle that convinced the French that the Americans could win the war.

25. 1.Review!!! What is an alliance? Why are alliances important for Americans during the Revolution? 2.Why were the French cautious in joining an alliance with America? What finally convinced the? 3.Who is Baron von Steuben? How did he help the Americans during the Revolution? What European country was he from? 4.What are some of the techniques that von Steuben taught the American soldiers? What was his ultimate goal with the Continental Army? 5.Name 3 more European volunteers during the American Revolution? Where did they come from? How did they help the American cause? 6.Opinion question!! Do you think European help will be enough to win the war? Explain and then explain to you partner