1. gakveTilis tipi – axali masalis axsna gakveTilis Tema _ klimatis cvlileba gakveTilis mizani: sinTezisa da analizis unaris ganviTareba; ufleba-movaleobebSi gaTviTcnobiereba; sakuTari azris Tavisuflad gamoxatvis unaris Camoyalibeba; gakveTilis dro _ 45 wT; gamoyenebuli resursebi: Tematuri plakatebi; dafa da feradi carci; TeTri dafa da markerebi (an e.w. flipCarti); saxelmZRvanelo da rveulebi; proeqtori;

2. gamoyenebuli meTodebi: gonebrivi ieriSi - 5wT; axali masalis prezentacia - 15wT; kategorizaciis sqemis Caxazva (vici, minda vicode, viswavle) - 7wT; blumis taqsonomiis mixedviT momzadebuli kiTxvebis saSualebiT (mizezi-Sedegi-gamosavali) logikuri jaWvis dalageba - 13wT; Sejameba da Sefaseba - 5wT; gakveTilis msvleloba Tu iciT ra aris “saTburis efeqti”?gsmeniaT raime imaze, rom Cveni planeta sul ufro Tbili xdeba? rogor fiqrobT ra gansxvavebaa globalur daTbobasa da klimatis cvlilebas Soris?

3. klimatis cvlileba mTels msoflioSi qvanaxSiris, naxSirwyalbadebis, navTobisa da navTobproduqtebis (benzini, dizeli da a. S.) yoveldRiur wvas mohyveba didi raodenobiT naxSirbadis orJangis dagroveba, romelic dedamiwis garSemo e. w. “sabans” qmnis. igi minis safariviT moqmedebs, mzis siTbosa da energias uSvebs Cvenamde, xolo dedamiwaze dagrovili siTbos ukan gasvlas kosmosSi, xels uSlis. amas ki dedamiwis temperaturis zrda mohyveba.

4. es movlena “saTburis efeqtis” saxeliTaa cnobili, xolo airebi, romelic am movlenas iwvevs – saTburis airis saxelwodebiT. es airebia: CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O, SO 2 da a.S. aRsaniSnavia saTburis efeqtis dadebiTi mxare. igi bunebrivi movlenaa, romlis gamoc sicocxle dedamiwaze SesaZlebeli gaxda. rom ara aRniSnuli saTburis airebis bunebrivi gamoyofa, haeris temperatura 33 0 C -iT dabali iqneboda aRsaniSnavia, rom bunebrivi gziT (mag. amonasunTqi haeri, vulkanebis amofrqveva, miwisZvrebi da a.S.) miRebuli naxSirorJangi 30-jer aRemateba adamianis saqmianobis Sedegad miRebul CO 2 - s. bunebrivad warmoqmnili naxSirorJangi balansirebadi ciklis nawilia, xolo adamianis saqmianobis Sedegad gamoyofili ki arRvevs bunebriv wonasworobas da sabolood atmosferuli CO 2 -is koncentracia sagrZnoblad izrdeba.

5. XIX saukunis bolodan, adamianis sameurneo saqmianobis Sedegad, industrializaciis dawyebis Semdeg am gazebis koncentracia sagrZnoblad gaizarda da planetaze temperaturam 0,5-0,6 0 C- iT moimata. emisiis (airebis garemoSi gabneva) ZiriTadi wyaroa wiaRiseuli sawvavis didi raodenobiT wva energetikisa da transportis seqtorSi, tyeebis gadawva saZovrebisa da saxnavi miwebisaTvis, soflis meurneobaSi intensiuri (mineraluri, azotovani sasuqebis da a. S.) meTodebis gamoyeneba. CamoTvaleT da SeadareT erTmaneTs saTbobi saSualebebi; romeli saTbobi saSualeba gamoyofs ufro didi raodenobiT CO2 ? romeli sawvavia ufro ekologiuri (naxSirbadis Semcvelobis mixedviT) da ratom? CH 4 +2O 2 =CO 2 +2H 2 O 2C 10 H 22 +31O 2 = 20CO 2 +22H 2 O

6. daskvna, rac ufro grZelia naxSirbadis ConCxi (qimiuri jaWvi), miT metia CO 2 - is emisia atmosferoSi. Ee. i. nakleb saziano da ufro ekologiuria bunebrivi airi, Semdeg navTobproduqtebi da yvelaze cudia qvanaxSiri. swored tyeebi da okeaneebi (wyalmcenareebi - mag. sfagnumi) asruleben atmosferos mTavari gamwmendis funqcias _ isini STanTqaven atmosferoSi dagrovili naxSirorJangis udides nawils da gamoyofen Jangbads. roca xe kvdeba, an iwvis, mis mier STanTqmuli naxSirorJangi atmosferoSi brundeba. Tu ki kacobrioba arafers iRonebs, 2100 wlisaTvis dedamiwaze atmosferos temperatura 1,5_4,5 0 C- iT moimatebs. sagulisxmoa, rom bolo gamyinvarebis xanidan dRemde 5 0 C- iT daTba. temperaturis swrafi mateba Tanamedrove civilizaciisTvis damangreveli da gamanadgurebeli iqneba. igi gamoiwvevs, rogorc ekologiur da jandacviT, aseve mniSvnelovan socialur-ekonomikur cvlilebebs:

7. kontinenturi myinvarebis dnobis gamo zRvis done saukunis bolosTvis 0,6 metriT aiwevs; klimatis cvlileba gamoiwvevs regionuli qaris sistemas, rasac gavlena eqneba naleqebis ganawilebaze. gaxSirdeba wyaldidobebi, gvalva, tyis xanZrebi, Stormebi da qariSxlebi; klimatis cvlileba Seqmnis xelsayrel pirobebs mwerebis gamravlebisTvis, rasac negatiuri gavlena eqneba soflis meurneobasa da adamianTa janmrTelobaze _ gavrceldeba malaria da sxvadasxva tropikuli daavadebebi; wyliT momarageba Seferxdeba gansakuTrebiT aridul regionebSi; daitboreba da sacxovreblad uvargisi gaxdeba zRvispira regionebi da qalaqebi; kavkasiaSi bunebrivi sartyelebi gadainacvlebs zRvis donidan 400-500 m-iT zeviT, anu fasanaursa da TianeTSi tyeebis nacvlad TandaTan stepebi da naxevrad udabnoebi gabatondeba, yazbegSi-farTofoTlovani tyeebi

8. 1000 wlis ganmavlobaSi dagrovil naxSiris marags msoflio erT weliwadSi moixmars. misi Sevseba da ganaxleba ki SeuZlebelia. “sawvavis krizisma” 1970-ian wlebSi SeaSfoTa mTeli msoflio da energiis axali wyaroebis mosapoveblad aamoZrava. dRes ukve intensiurad iyeneben mzisa da qaris energias: Aiqmneba wyalbadze, el-energiasa da mzis energiaze momuSave manqanebi da a. S. rogori eWviTac ar unda vuyurebdeT prognozis Sedegebs, cxadia, rom CO 2 – is koncentracia atmosferoSi permanentulad matulobs. amitom mosalodneli garTulebebis asacileblad saWiroa garkveuli zomebis miReba. klimatis cvlilebis daZlevisaken mimarTuli RonisZiebebi SeiZleba or jgufad daiyos, esenia: Serbileba da adaptacia. klimatis cvlilebis srulad SeCereba SeuZlebelia, Tumca Serbilebis saSualebiT klimatis cvlileba ufro advilad samarTavi xdeba.

9. troposferos enegretikul balansze saTburis efeqtis gavlenis Semcirebis mizniT problemis gadaWris realuri meTodebi iTvaliswinebs atmosferoSi Termoaqtiuri airebis pirvel rigSi, anTropogenuri CO 2 –is emisiis Semcirebas da misi balansis daregulirebis sxva meTodebs. maT Soris umTavresia Tboenergetikis alternatiuli dargebis prioritetuli ganviTareba, energoekonomikuri teqnologiebis farTo danergva, dedamiwis mwvane safaris SenarCuneba, gazrda da sxva. RonisZiebaTa es cikli dadebiT rols Seasrulebs agreTve, meore globaluri problemis – atmosferoSi Jangbadis koncentraciis stabilizaciaSi. pragmatulia sxva xasiaTis rekomendaciac: - radgan zustad ar viciT mosalodneli klimaturi da sxva xasiaTis cvlilebebi, amitom umizno xarjebis asacileblad umjobesia vemzadoT saTburis efeqtis Sedegebis salikvidaciod da vifiqroT adaptaciaze. adaptacia gulisxmobs im RonisZiebaTa erTobliobas, romlebic xorcieldeba klimatis cvlilebis SedegebTan Sesagueblad. es SeiZleba iyos eroziis sawinaaRmdego jebirebis mSenebloba, qarsacavi zolebis gaSeneba, sairigacio sistemebis mSenebloba da a.S. garda aseTi praqtikuli RonisZiebebisa, adaptacia gulisxmobs aseve sasoflo-sameurneo praqtikis, sacxovrebeli garemos, mSeneblobis meTodebisa da teqnologiebis cvlilebas ise, rom garemos ziani ar miadges

10. rogorc vxedavT klimatis cvlileba arc ise saSiSia, Tuki yvelani erTad SevcvliT Cveni cxovrebis wess da vimoqmedebT mis Tavidan asacileblad. gaxsovdeT, is Tu rogor gamoiyenebT energias, gavlenas axdens dedamiwis klimatze. rac met energias moixmarT, miT metad cxeldeba planeta. 3. pedagogi xazavs kategorizaciis sqemas (vici, minda vicode, viswavle) da moswavleebis daxmarebiT avsebs mas; 4. blumis taqsonomiis mixedviT Sedgenili kiTxvebis saSualebiT maswavlebeli logikur jaWvs adgens – mizezi-------Sedegi--------gamosavali 4.1 rodis daiwyo saTburis efeqtis movlena? rodis SeniSnes es safrTxe mecnierebma? ra gamoiyofa siTbos garda navTobproduqtebis wvisas? 4.2. axseniT rogor moxda am procesis dawyeba da ram Seuwyo xeli mis progresirebas?A ra roli eniWebaT tyeebsa da okeaneebs (wyalmcenareebs) klimatis cvlilebis regulirebaSi? 4.3. CamoTvaleT saTburis airebi da daakavSireT isini dabinZurebis wyaroebTan dafaze mocemuli sqemis mixedviT pedagogi dafaze xazavs kategorizaciis sqemas, xolo TeTr dafaze winaswar gamzadebul grafebs - atmosferos dabinZurebis ZiriTadi wyaroebiT, romelsac Seavseben moswavleebi

12. 4.4. ratom ar aRmoCnda msoflio mzad klimatis cvlilebis mimarT? 4.5. ra moxdeboda Cvens planetaze saTburis airebi da aqedan gamomdinare saTburis efeqti, rom ar yofiliyo? warmoidgineT ra moxdeba Tu haeris procentuli Sedgeniloba Seicvleba? (mag. gaizrdeba an Semcirdeba Jangbadisa da naxSirorJangis Semcveloba haerSi) 4.6. rogor SeafasebT alternatiuli energiis wyaroebis da ekologiurad sufTa warmoebis danergvis mniSvnelobas klimatis cvlilebis problemis mogvarebaSi? 5. pedagogi moaxdens Temis sistematizacias da miscems moswavleebs davalebas. gakveTilis dawyebisTanave SearCevs ramodenime moswavles da aqtivobisa da analizis unaris mixedviT Seafasebs maT. ekologiuri TamaSi – daiyaviT or jgufad, TiToeul jgufSi sami moswavle I jgufi opekis qveynis warmomadgeneli, navTobmagnati da avtomwarmoebeli; II jgufi antiglobalisti, garemos damcveli da mecnieri; klasi warmoadgens mosaxleobas, romlis dasmul SekiTxvebzec pasuxis gacema mouwevs orive gunds, argumentebiT da magaliTebiT. orive jgufma mosaxleobas sawarmos mSenebloba SesTavazeT gegma- proeqtis saxiT da gaformebuli ilustraciebiT. sawarmo unda iyos ekologiurad sufTa da momgebianic.

13. Eeko-mozaika 10 000 wlis win, “soflis meurneobamdel” xanaSi dedamiwaze tyis uzarmazari masivebi iyo gadaWimuli, romelTa saerTo farTobi daaxloebiT 6,2 miliard ha-s udrida. mravali saukunis ganmavlobaSi saxnavi miwebis gafarToebis, Zovebis, saSeSed da sawarmoo miznebisTvis tyis Wris Sedegad tyis mcenareulobis areali daaxloebiT 4,1 miliard ha-mde, TiTqmis 1/3-iT Semcirda. dedamiwaze yvelaze didi zomis cocxal organizmebad giganturi seqvoiadendronebi iTvleba, romlebic kaliforniaSi seqvoias erovnul parkSi xarobs. maTgan yvelaze didi, romelsac “generali Sermani” Searqves, simaRleSi 83 m-ia, garSemowerilobiT (miwis zedapiridan 1,53 m-ze) 24,11 m-s aRwevs. xe-tyis mopoveba-gadamuSavebisas CvenSi danakargebi daaxloebiT 25%-s Seadgens, maSin rodesac iaponelebi maTTvis deficitur am resurss 100%-iT gamoiyeneben: totebisa da gadanaWrebisagan, romlebic CvenSi ar gamoiyeneba, isini saTbob briketebs amzadeben sacxovrebeli saTavsoebisaTvis. amgvarad, arc erTi toti tyuilubralod ar ikargeba.

14. racionaluri ekologiuri normebis mixedviT, didi qalaqis erT sul mosaxleze unda modiodes 200m 2 mwvane nargaoba; anu TbilisSi gamwvanebuli unda iyos, sul cota 24 000 ha. Zneli saTqmelia, rom es cifri dRevandel realur mdgomareobas Seesabameba. AaSkaraa, rom qalaqisa da misi Semogarenis mwvane safars _ ukanasknel xans Seqmnili mZime saTbob- energetikuli situaciis gamo _ gadarCena da AaRdgena esaWiroeba. erTi xis Rirebuleba, romelic saSualod ormocdaaT wels cocxlobs, daaxloebiT 200 000 aSS dolaria. aq Sedis Jangbadis gamomuSaveba (31 250 dolari), wylis brunva da tenianobis regulireba (37 000 dolari), proteinis gamomuSaveba (25 000 dolari), tyis binadarTaTvis sacxovrebeli da saarsebo TavSesafari (31 250 dolari), niadagis eroziis kontroli da niadagis ganoyiereba (31 250 dolari). kacobriobis saqmianobis gamo yovelwliurad 25 miliardi tona CO 2 gamoiyofa, rac wuTSi daaxloebiT 48 000 tonas udris. me-20 saukuneSi msoflios tropikuli tyeebis naxevari ganadgurda

15. gamokvlevebis Tanaxmad 37 miliardi tona CO 2 –is “rezervuari” jer kidev niadagSia _ navTobis, naxSiris da gazis saxiT. aqedan naxSirorJangis potenciurad yvelaze did marags naxSiri da bunebrivi gazi warmoadgens. eqspertebma gamoiTvales, rom daaxloebiTY2,5000 miliardi tona naxSirorJangi _ msoflios wiaRiseuli sawvavis maragis 7% - CO 2 –is koncentraciis gaormagebas gamoiwvevs. odiTganve xe msoflios mravali xalxisaTvis religiur cxovrebas ukavSirdeboda. sxvadasxva kulturebSi arsebobda sakulto xeebi. indoeTsa da iaponiaSi dResac arsebobs e.w. wminda tyeebi. warmarTuli sakulto xis elementebi SemorCenilia iudeur da qristianul TeologiebSi. aseve, afrikis CrdiloeT nawilSi, sadac cxovrobdnen berberebi (“xatis tyeebi” saqarTvelos mTaSic xom dRemde bevrganaa SenarCunebuli).

16. albaT, bevrma ar icis saidan iRebs saTaves saaxalwlo naZvis xis dadgmisa da morTvis tradicia. Cveni winaprebis rwmeniT, xe sulTa samyofels warmoadgenda. soflis angelozis pativsacemad wminda xes dgamdnen. TandaTan tradicia Seicvala da wminda xem saxlebSi gadainacvla. dasavleTis qveynebSi, magaliTad germaniaSi, amisaTvis naZvs arCevdnen. mis garSemo zeimis gamarTva da saTamaSoebiT morTva qristianobis Semosvlidan daiwyes (samwuxarod bolo dros am tradiciam CvenSi mavne forma miiRo. saaxalwlod didi raodenobiT iCexeba da iyideba axalgazrda wiwvovani xeebi.) axlo momavalSi SesamCnevad moimatebs sawvavad gamosayenebeli xemcenareebis plantaciebi. saukeTeso energofermebi braziliaSi ukve awarmoeben 1 ha-ze 45t. evkaliptis merqans weliwadSi. kidev ufro maRalia wyalmcenareebis mosavlianoba _ 50-80 t/ha. xe-tyis vaWrobiT miRebuli mogeba yovelwliurad 40 milion dolars aRemateba.

17. gamonabolqvis saxiT yovelwliurad atmosferoSi 6 miliardi tona naxSirorJangi grovdeba. saukunis bolomde dedamiwaze saSualo wliuri temperatura 2-3 gradusiT moimatebs, rac yinulis dnobas da msoflio okeanis donis amaRlebas gamoiwvevs. amis gamo 2050 wlisaTvis okeanis sanapiroebze mcxovrebi 300 milioni adamiani miatovebs sakuTar saxl-kars. wyalmcenareebi 10-jer met Jangbads gamoyofen, vidre xmeleTis mcenareebi.