1. Minerals Standard 3C How to explain the properties of rocks & (minerals) based on the physical and chemical conditions in which they formed including the plate tectonic process Why are we doing this? We need to understand how Minerals affect our lives. How and why we use minerals

2. Mohs’ Scale of Hardness 1. Talc 2. Gypsum 3. Calcite 4. Fluorite 5. Apatite 6. Feldspar 7 Quartz 8. Topaz 9. Corundum 10. Diamond Hardness The ability of one mineral to scratch another or an object of known hardness. Hardness is directly related to the strength of the bonds.

3. Talc Cleavage: [001] Perfect Color: Pale green, White, Gray white, Yellowish white, Brownish white. Density: 2.7 - 2.8 Hardness: 1 - Talc Luster: Vitreous - Pearly Streak: white

4. Talc cosmetics pharmaceuticals selective adsorption electrical ceramics. The paper industry is the largest consumer of talc and is used as a filler to enhance opacity and printing properties.

5. Talc Polypropylene parts reinforced with as much as 40% of talc have replaced metal in many automotive applications Talc lends resistance to heat distortion and therefore is especially important in under- the-hood uses such as fan shrouds.

6. Gypsum From the Greek, gyps meaning "burned" mineral. Ca(SO 4 )·2(H 2 O) Hydrated Calcium Sulfate Sedimentary evaporite deposits.

7. Gypsum Gypsum is one of the most widely used minerals in the world. Most is used to make wall board, also know as sheet rock. It is estimated that the average American home contains seven metric tons of gypsum.

8. Gypsum Gypsum is also added to concrete to strengthen the material Gypsum can also be used as a fertilizer It can be added to paint as a filler. Gypsum contains a large amount of water, and this gives it fire protection qualities.

9. Calcite CaCO 3 Calcium Cabonate From the Latin, calx, meaning lime.

10. Calcite Calcite is indispensable in the construction industry, forming the base of cement.

11. Calcite It is also crucial in the manufacture of fertilizers, metals, glass, rubber, and paint.

12. Fluorite Fluorite is used as a flux in steel making Fluorite was once used for optical lenses

13. Fluorite It is also used in industry in the manufacture of glass, pottery, fiberglass, and enamel

14. Apatite Named in 1788 from the Greek apatao - "I am misleading." Uses: as a source of phosphorous to be used in fertilizer, rarely as a gemstone and as a mineral specimen.

15. Feldspar Feldspar is an important ingredient in the manufacture of glass it acts as a fluxing agent, reducing the melting temperature of quartz

16. Feldspar Paint mild abrasives urethane, welding electrodes (production of steel), road aggregate.

17. Feldspar Feldspar is by far the most abundant group of minerals in the earth's crust, forming about 60% of terrestrial rocks.

18. Quartz SiO 2 Silicon Dioxide ordinary types of glass sandpapers, whetstones, and scouring powders and in sandblasting

19. Quartz radio, television, and radar digital watches Granite, the most important building stone, is about 30% quartz.

20. Quartz Besides the industrial uses quartz can be used as jewelry and other gem uses.

21. Topaz UsesTopaz uses include: gemstone. Colorcolorless, white, straw yellow, wine yellow, pink, bluish, greenish, gray

22. Topaz Streakcolorless Lustervitreous

23. Corundum Corundum is very hard. It is the second hardest mineral known, with diamond being the only harder mineral.

24. Corundum This high hardness makes corundum especially useful as an abrasive.

25. Corundum used as grinding media and to manufacture polishing compounds, sand papers, grinding wheels and cutting tools. Corundum that is contaminated with iron or titanium has a blue color. Deep blue corundums are known as "sapphires". When used alone, the word "sapphire" always refers to a deep blue corundum.

26. Diamond C Carbon From the Greek, adamas, meaning "invincible" or "hardest."

27. Diamond A little known fact is that 4 out of 5 diamond stones that are mined are not used in jewelry. Only 20% of stones that are mined can be cut and used in jewelry.

28. Diamond Diamond bearings are used in instruments Diamond-studded rotary bits are used to drill oil wells and bore tunnels in solid rock.

29. Diamond Diamond powder is also used to cut and polish gems. Diamond -tipped glass cutters