1. Supply Decisions

2. Supply Supply is the ability and willingness to sell (produce) specific quantities of a good at alternative prices in a given time period.

3. Factors of Production Factors of production are needed to produce a good or service. These are the resources used to produce goods and services: Land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship

4. Costs of Production & Profit The most desired rate of production of a business is one that maximizes total profit. Profit is the difference between total revenue (how much money the business makes without considering expenses) and total cost (how much money the business makes once expenses are taken out).

5. Total Profit Total profit is the difference between total revenue and total cost.

6. Total Cost The value of all resources used to produce a good or service.

7. Total Costs of Production

8. Fixed Costs Costs of production that do not change with the rate of production. Fixed costs cannot be avoided in the short run. Examples of fixed costs include plant, equipment, and property taxes.

9. Variable Costs Costs of production that change when the rate of production is altered. Any short-run change in total costs is a result of changes in variable costs. Examples of variable costs include labor and materials.

10. Which Costs Matter? Should the firm consider both fixed and variable costs when making production and pricing decisions?

11. Invest in Labor or Capital? The U.S. labor force continues to grow by more than a million workers per year. If capital investments ($) don’t keep pace, these added workers will strain production facilities. If this occurs, this will push wages lower and reduce living standards.

12. Invest in Labor or Capital? Some possible ways of increasing productivity include the following: Increasing education Vocational training Increased capital investment

13. Invest in Labor or Capital? Improvements in productivity reduce costs. - Technology can play a role in reducing costs.